Environmental Citizenship Behavior in the Workplace: The Roles of Green HRM and Employee Engagement and Implications for Sustainability Education
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Eteh Resa Asyifa
Dian Sudiantini
Azlan Bin Saflie
Abstract
Environmental sustainability requires not only organizational policies but also the development of voluntary environmental behaviors that can be strengthened through continuous learning, engagement, and environmentally responsible practices. This study examines the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Environment (OCBE) in the relationships between Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Employee Engagement, and Employee Performance in the manufacturing sector. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected from 156 permanent employees of manufacturing companies in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling. The relationships among the constructs were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. The findings show that GHRM and Employee Engagement positively and significantly influence OCBE. OCBE also positively influences Employee Performance and partially mediates the relationships between GHRM and Employee Performance and between Employee Engagement and Employee Performance. These findings indicate that structured environmental practices and employee psychological engagement can encourage voluntary pro-environmental behavior as a mechanism linking organizational initiatives with individual performance. From a broader educational perspective, the findings offer conceptual implications for sustainability-oriented learning by demonstrating how environmental values may be reinforced through training, engagement, behavioral modeling, and supportive institutional practices. The study therefore extends the discussion of environmental citizenship beyond organizational performance toward the development of sustainability-oriented behavior relevant to lifelong and transformative environmental learning.
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