Role of chemerin and omentin in predicting ovulatory dysfunction in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Noor Najm Abdullah
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0075-102X
Manar Abbas Alameri
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4678-0801
Thikra Majid Muhammed
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1332-8605
Osama A. Mohsein
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5628-2382
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition that is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic imbalances. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive ability of chemerin and omentin-1 in ovulatory dysfunction of obese PCOS women. The study is a case-control study conducted at Al-Nasiriyah General Hospital (Jan 2024 – Jun 2025) with a sample size of 150 obese and 70 normal weight women with PCOS and 50 healthy controls. The diagnosis of PCOS was made according to Rotterdam criteria (2003). They included participants aged 18 years to 35 years old, who were not on hormonal therapy in the recent past; pregnancy, endocrine and chronic diseases were excluded. Blood samples were fasted and serum was separated and stored in the refrigerator at 20°C. Hormonal (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, LH/FSH, testosterone, Sex hormone binding globulin), metabolic (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL-C), and adipokine (chemerin, omentin-1) levels were measured using ELISA, spectrophotometry, and Cobas e411 kits (Roche, Germany). There were no major differences in terms of age (p=0.63). BMI, waist circumference, menstrual irregularity and family history of PCOS were more prevalent among the obese PCOS women. There was an increase in the LH, LH/FSH ratio and the total testosterone and a decrease in SHBG. The most pronounced metabolic abnormalities were observed in PCOS obese, with lowest HDL-C, and progressively higher levels of metabolic abnormalities with increasing deficiency of ovulatory dysfunction and insulin resistance. There are significant differences in hormonal, metabolic, and ovarian changes in obese and non-obese PCOS women. High levels of chemerin and low levels of omentin-1 are closely related to insulin resistance and ovulatory dysfunction and suggest their use as predictive biomarkers and mediators of metabolic and reproductive pathophysiology in PCOS.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Najm Abdullah, Manar Abbas Alameri, Thikra Majid Muhammed, Osama A. Mohsein
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Zeng LH, Rana S, Hussain L, Asif M, Mehmood MH, Imran I, Younas A, Mahdy A, Al-Joufi FA, Abed SN. Polycystic ovary syndrome: A Disorder of Reproductive Age, Its Pathogenesis, and a Discussion on the Emerging Role of Herbal Remedies. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:874914. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.874914
Islam H, Masud J, Islam YN, Haque FKM. An update on polycystic ovary syndrome: A review of the current state of knowledge in diagnosis, genetic etiology, and emerging treatment options. Womens Health (Lond). 2022;18:17455057221117966. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221117966
Fahs D, Salloum D, Nasrallah M, Ghazeeri G. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathophysiology and controversies in diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(9):1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13091559
Ding H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhang S, Chen X, Liang W, Xie Q. Resistance to the insulin and elevated level of androgen: A major cause of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:741764. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.741764
Bednarz K, Kowalczyk K, Cwynar M, Czapla D, Czarkowski W, Kmita D, Nowak A, Madej P. The role of Glp-1 receptor agonists in insulin resistance with concomitant obesity treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(8):4334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084334
Palomba S, Seminara G, Costanzi F, Caserta D, Aversa A. Chemerin and polycystic ovary syndrome: A comprehensive review of its role as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Biomedicines. 2024;12(12):2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122859
Kruszewska J, Laudy-Wiaderny H, Kunicki M. Review of novel potential insulin resistance biomarkers in PCOS patients-the debate is still open. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042099
Hussein AA, Ahmed NA, Sakr HI, Atia T, Ahmed OM. Omentin roles in physiology and pathophysiology: an up-to-date comprehensive review. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2024;130(6):800-813. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2023.2283685
Liu FS, Wang S, Guo XS, Ye ZX, Zhang HY, Li Z. State of art on the mechanisms of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2023;14(6):632-655. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.632
Peña-Cano MI, Valencia-Ortega J, Morales-Ávila E, Díaz-Velázquez MF, Gómez-Díaz R, Saucedo R. Omentin-1 and its relationship with inflammatory factors in maternal plasma and visceral adipose tissue of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(2):453-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01671-9
Biegański HM, Dąbrowski KM, Różańska-Walędziak A. Omentin—general overview of its role in obesity, metabolic syndrome and other diseases; Problem of Current Research State. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(3):632. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030632
Schüler-Toprak S, Ortmann O, Buechler C, Treeck O. The complex roles of adipokines in polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. Biomedicines. 2022;10(10):2503. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102503
Stępień S, Olczyk P, Gola J, Komosińska-Vassev K, Mielczarek-Palacz A. The role of selected adipocytokines in ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Cells. 2023;12(8):1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12081118
Abed WT, ALABBAS EAK, Hawass AA. Estimating of the levels of some biochemical variables, adipokines and cytokines in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2025;16(1):91. https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_16_1_10
Zehravi M, Maqbool M, Ara I. Polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility: an update. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2022;34(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2021-0073
Emanuel RHK, Roberts J, Docherty PD, Lunt H, Campbell RE, Möller K. A review of the hormones involved in the endocrine dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome and their interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1017468. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1017468
Othman H, Mahmud A, Maulood I. Association of apelin, chemerin and omentin levels with oxidative stress markers in non-diabetic and induced diabetic rats. Iraqi J Pharm Sci. 2024;33(1):104-112. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss1pp104-112
Kabil Kucur S, Kurek Eken M, Sanli I, Kutlu T, Bilgic BE, Altuntas ŞL, Cevik O, Ozkaya E. Predictive value of serum and follicular fluid chemerin concentrations during assisted reproductive cycles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(9):814-818. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2021.1937100
Dec P, Poniewierska-Baran A, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The role of omentin-1 in cancers development and progression. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(15):3797. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153797
Bose C, Mukherjee B, Mukherjee A, Pramanik S, Saha C, Mondal A, Mukhopadhyay S. Serum chemerin levels correlate with severity of dysglycemia in young adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocr Soc. 2024;8(4):bvae023. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvae023
Shi W, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Xing C, He B. Analysis of endocrine and metabolic indexes in non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its compare with obese patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:4275-4281. https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s329108
Taşkömür AT, Erten Ö. Relationship of inflammatory and metabolic parameters in adolescents with PCOS: BMI matched case-control study. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022;66(3):372-381. https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000497
Pratama G, Wiweko B, Asmarinah, Widyahening IS, Andraini T, Bayuaji H, Hestiantoro A. Mechanism of elevated LH/FSH ratio in lean PCOS revisited: a path analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):8229. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58064-0
Yang Q, Tao J, Jia S, Fan Z. Association between fatty acids and female infertility: dual evidence from a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis. Food Funct. 2025;16(1):249-267. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FO04020A
Xu Q, Zhang J, Lu Y, Wu L. Association of metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease with polycystic ovary syndrome. iScience. 2024;27(2):108783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.108783
Kotlyar AM, Seifer DB. Ethnicity/race and age-specific variations of serum AMH in women-a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;11:593216. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.593216
Amisi CA. Markers of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome women: an update. World J Diabetes. 2022;13(3):129. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.129
Nowak-Ciołek M, Stachowiak JJ, Krok K, Sokal J, Malczyk Ż, Skrzyńska K, Zachurzok A. Adolescent PCOS and long-term metabolic risk: insights from triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol profiles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1579217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1579217
Si M, Xu W, Qi X, Jiang H, Zhao Y, Li R, Long X, Qiao J. Metabolic syndrome rather than other phenotypes in PCOS as a predictive indicator for clinical outcomes in IVF: comprehensive phenotypic assessment across all PCOS classifications. J Clin Med. 2023;12(15):5073. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155073
Kabil Kucur S, Kurek Eken M, Sanli I, Kutlu T, Bilgic BE, Altuntas ŞL, Cevik O, Ozkaya E. Predictive value of serum and follicular fluid chemerin concentrations during assisted reproductive cycles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(9):814-818. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2021.1937100
Mehrabani S, Arab A, Karimi E, Nouri M, Mansourian M. Blood circulating levels of adipokines in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Sci. 2021;28(11):3032-3050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00709-w
Niepsuj J, Piwowar A, Franik G, Bizoń A. Impact of Smoking and Obesity on the Selected Peptide Hormones and Metabolic Parameters in the Blood of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(16):8713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168713
Lin K, Sun X, Wang X, Wang H, Chen X. Circulating adipokine levels in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and in nonobese control women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;11:537809. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.537809
Biegański HM, Dąbrowski KM, Różańska-Walędziak A. Omentin—general overview of its role in obesity, metabolic syndrome and other diseases; problem of current research state. Biomedicines. 2025;13(3):632. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030632
Onder A, Yilmaz Ö, Koç AÇ, Harun K. Medicinal plants including spices for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with a preclinical-clinical perspective and phytotherapeutic approaches. Chem Inside Spices Herbs Res Dev. 2024;3:1-45. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815196801124030003
Al-Fartosy AJM, Awad NA, Mohammed AH. Intelectin-1 and endocrinological parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: effect of insulin resistance. Ewha Med J. 2020;43(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.12771/emj.2020.43.1.1
Hussein AA, Ahmed NA, Sakr HI, Atia T, Ahmed OM. Omentin roles in physiology and pathophysiology: an up-to-date comprehensive review. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2024;130(6):800-813.. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2023.2283685
Sena CM. Omentin: a key player in glucose homeostasis, atheroprotection, and anti-inflammatory potential for cardiovascular health in obesity and diabetes. Biomedicines. 2024;12(2):284. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020284
Guvenc Y, Var A, Goker A, Kuscu NK. Assessment of serum chemerin, vaspin and omentin-1 levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Int Med Res. 2016;44(4):796-805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060516645421
Johnson BS, Laloraya M. Polycystic ovary syndrome and immune deregulation: what do hormones want to say? Explor Immunol. 2022;2(3):174-190. https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00058