Assessment of Physical Factors in the Work Environment as an Effort to Analyze Health Risks of Indonesian Informal Worker
Main Article Content
O Hutapea
Friska Ayu
MN Rhomadhoni
M Sunaryo
Abstract
The sandal industry is one of the industries that poses health risks to workers, particularly due to the physical conditions of the work environment and the production process, which serve as potential hazards. One form of control that can be implemented is the measurement of physical factors in the workplaces. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the physical hazard factors, specifically noise and lighting, and to describe the potential health risks faced by workers in a shoe manufacturing company in Surabaya. This research employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 25 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. The study was conducted from Juli to August 2024. Data on respondents’ characteristics were collected through interviews using a questionnaire, while blood pressure was measured using an Omron digital sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure was assessed before and after work on the same day. Physical factors in the work environment, such as noise, were measured using a sound level meter, and lighting was measured using a lux meter. The results showed that the average noise level range from 80.5-82.4 dBA, which l does not exceed the threshold limit value (TLV) of 85 dBA according to the Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 5 of 2018 concerning Occupational Safety and Health in the Work Environment. The average lighting level 107.8 lux, which is below the minimum lighting standard for sewing activities, s (500-700 lux), based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 70 of 2016 concerning Standards and Requirements for Environmental Health in Industrial Workplaces. Health examinations showed an increase in average systolic and diastolic blood pressure s among the workers. Further examination is required to determine whether physical factors in the work environment contribute to the observed increase in blood pressure among workers in the sandal and shoe industry.
Keywords: Work environment measurement, Industrial Hygiene, Occupational Health, Informal Sector, Safety
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 O Hutapea, Friska Ayu, MN Rhomadhoni; M Sunaryo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Lee, J., Di Ruggiero, E. How does informal employment affect health and health equity? Emerging gaps in research from a scoping review and modified e-Delphi survey. Int J Equity Health 21, 87 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01684-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01684-7
Haerawati Idris, Laksono Trisnantoro, Elan Satriawan, 2015. Expansion of Health Insurance forInformal Sector Workers (Pre and Post Health Guarantee Evaluation Study), Indonesian Health Policy Journal, Vol. 04, No. December 4, 201 (3) (PDF) Safety and Health Effort on Informal Sector Workers. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326655405_Safety_and_Health_Effort_on_Informal_Sector_Workers [accessed December 14 2024)
Alfers, L., & Rogan, M.2015. Health risks and informal employment in South Africa: does formality protect health?. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 21(3), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000066
Anam K. 2014. Kesehatan Kerja Sektor Informal.
Mulia, Q.S., Sulistiyani, Setyaningsih, Y., 2017, Analisis Higiene dan Sanitasi Lingkungan Kerja Pada Pekerja Rumahan Industri Sepatu di Kabupaten Semarang, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, Volume 5, Nomer 5, Hal. 798 dan 799.
Juliaudrey, L.T., 2015, Efektivitas Pengawasan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Oleh Dinas Sosial dan Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Sidoarjo sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Budaya K3, Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik, Volume 3, Nomor 3, Hal. 35.
Peraturan Mentri Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia N0. 5 Tahun 2018 Tentang Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Lingkungan Kerja, Mentri Ketenagakerjaan.
Widiastuti, Febriana.,2009, Penilaian faktfisik lingkungan kerja di bagian produksi sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit akibat kerja di PT. Phapros tbk Semarang, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Tugas akhir yang dipublikasikan.
Dhian Komala Jayanti M, Rico Januar Sitorus, Imelda G. Purba., 2011, Penilaian risiko kesehatan kerja faktor fisika dan faktor kimia di Pusat Pengumpul Produksi (PPP) PT. Pertamina EP Region Sumatra Field Prabumulih,Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarkat Universitas Sriwijaya, Volume 2, Nomor 3,Hal.167-172.
Yati Oktaviana, Irna, 2020, Penilaian Lingkungan Kerja melalui Faktor Fisika terhadap Pencegahan Penyakit Akibat Kerja di PT BASF Indonesia, Project Report. IPB University. Laporan Praktik Kerja Lapangan yang tidak dipublikasikan.
Dika Kristiana, Zaeni Budiono, 2016, Penilaian faktor fisik lingkungan kerja di ruang rawat inap kelas III Rumah Sakit Pertamina Cilacap Tahun 2016, Buletin Kesehatan Lingkungan Masyarakat.
Gladis Pamela, 2011, Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan Fisik dengan Risiko kecelakaan Kerja di Bagian Produksi PT. Holcim Tbk Pabrik Cilacap tahun 2011, KTI, Purwokerto: Kementrian Kesehatan RI Politeknik Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan Semarang Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Purwokerto.
Ramli, S., 2018, Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Jakarta: Dian Rakyat, Hal. 90-92.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional, 2004, Pengukuran Intensitas Penerangan di Tempat Kerja SNI 16- 7062-2004. (Accessed 15 December 2024)
Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia,2009, Metoda Pengukuran Intensitas Kebisingan Di Tempat Kerja SNI 7231:2009. (Accessed 15 December 2024)
Badan Standardisasi Nasional 2004, Pengukuran Iklim Kerja (Panas) dengan Parameter Indeks Suhu Basah dan Bola SNI 16-7061-2004.
(Accessed 15 December 2024)
Badan Standardisasi Nasional 2009, Pengukuran Percepatan Getaran Seluruh Tubuh dan Sikap Kerja duduk SNI 7186-2009. (Accessed 15 December 2024)
Faritsy, AZ, Al, Nugroho, YA 2018, ‘Pengukuran Lingkungan Kerja Fisik dan Operator untuk Menentukan Waktu Istirahat Kerja’, Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri, 16(2), hal. 108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/jiti.v16i2.3379
Budiono, Sugeng, 2016, Bunga Rampai Hiperkes dan KK, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang
Harrianto, Ridwan, 2015, Buku Ajar Kesehatan Kerja, EGC, Jakarta.
Ramli, Soehatman, 2010, Pedoman Praktis Manajemen Risiko dalam Perspektif K3 OSH Risk Management, Dian Rakya,. Jakarta.
Suma’mur, 2013, Higene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja (HIPERKES), Sagung Seto, Jakarta.
Sahri, M., & Hutapea, O. 2019. Penilaian kualitas udara ruang pada Gedung perkantoran di Kota Surabaya. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health, 4(1), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21111/jihoh.v4i1.3130
Hutapea, O., Rhomadhoni, M. N., Ayu, F., Sunaryo, M., Dwikoryanto, M., Thoba, M. N. D., & Sudarmawan, A. 2024. Penerapan Program Kenali Risiko Lingkungan Kerja (KELINGAN) sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Akibat Kerja. To Maega: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 7(1), 14-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v7i1.2006