The Realities and Barriers of Community Participation in Rural Community Development Projects none
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
PERCY DIPELA
Abstract
This paper reports on the barriers and realities confronting community participation in community development. The paper provides possible suggestions on how inclusive participation may aid the sustainability of community development projects. Community participation refers to the involvement of individuals or groups in activities, initiatives, or decision-making processes that affect their community. It is about engaging with others to contribute ideas, resources, and efforts towards common goals and improvements within a community. This paper adopted a focused mapping review synthesis to gather the critical tenets of community participation. The author has demonstrated in this paper that community participation is mainly used as a procedural issue without really using it to canvas the views of rural community people. Mainly, it is applied as a “tick a box” exercise in which authorities do not use it to empower the community members nor adopt their views for the purpose of decision-making. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that community participation is more effective and has the potential to result in empowerment when the primacy is on training and building the capacity of beneficiaries. The author argues that community participation that is not inclusive and does not link the views of beneficiaries to decision-making is likely to result in programs that do not address the needs of beneficiaries.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Copyright (c) 2024 PERCY DIPELA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ansell, C. & Gash. A. 2008. “Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice”. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18:543–571.
Bang, H.P. & Esmark, A. 2009. “Good Governance in Network Society: Reconfiguring the Political from Politics to Policy”. Administrative Theory and Praxis, 31:7–37.
Bora, A. & Hausendorf, H. 2006. “Participatory Science Governance Revisited: Normative Expectations Versus Empirical Evidence”. Science and Public Policy, 33(7):478–488.
Feldman, M.S. & Khademian, A.M. 2007. “The Role of the Public Manager in Inclusion: Creating Communities of Participation.” Governance, 20:305–324.
Asia Development Bank. Strengthening Participation for Development Results; An Asian Development Bank Guide to Participation, Asia Development Bank, Philippines. 2012.
Avolio, B.J. 2005. Leadership development in balance: Made/Born. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Baden, S., Green, C., Goetz, A.M., Guhathakurta, M. (1994), Background Report on Gender Issues in Bangladesh, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, No. 26, Beirut, Lebanon.
Batliwala, S. & Deepa, D. 2007. Gender myths that instrumentalize women: a view from the Indian front line. In Feminisms in Development Contradictions, contestations and Challenges, edited by Andrea Cornwall, Elizabeth Harrison, and Ann Whitehead. London: Zed Books.
Bartecchi, D. The Role of Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation in Community-Based Development; Village Earth Participatory Strategic Planning Workshop – Armenia. 2016.
Chang, K. 2007. “The End of Developmental Citizenship? Restructuring and Social Displacement in Post-Crisis South Korea”. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(50):67–72.
Carter, R.C., Tyrrel, S.F., Howsam, P. 2009. Impact and Sustainability of Community Water Supply and Sanitation Programmes in Developing Countries. Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, 13:292–296
Carter, R.C. 2009. Operation and Maintenance of Rural Water Supplies: Challenging the Community based O&M Paradigm. Rural Water Supply Network Perspectives No. 2. Retrieved from www.rwsn.ch.
Cobbinah, J.E. 2015. Power Relations in Community Participation: Does it matter? Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6(13).
Macharia, D. 2012. Social change and community development. Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nairobi, Day, D.V., Sin, H.-P., & Chen, T.T. (2004). Assessing the burdens of leadership: Effect of formal leadership roles on individual performance over time. Personnel Psychology, 57.
Davies, A.R. 2001. “Hidden or hiding? Public Perceptions of Participation in the Planning System”. The Town Planning Review, 72(2):193–216.
Denhardt, R., & Denhardt, J. 2015. “The New Public Service Revisited”. Public Administration Review, 75(5):664–672.
Fung, A. 2006. “Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance”. Public Administration Review, 66:66–75.
Garcia, C.A., & Lescuyer, G. 2008. “Monitoring, Indicators, and Community-Based Forest Management in the Tropics: Pretexts or Red Herrings”. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17:1303–1317.
Gatari, S., Mbabazi, M., & Jaya, S. 2016. Factors Influencing Sustainability of Water Projects in Gahondo: A Case of Water Projects in Muhanga District, Rwanda.
Gaventa, J., & Barrett, G. 2012. Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement. World Development, 40(12):2399– 2410.
Harris, J., Croot, L., Thompson, J., & Springett, J. 2015. How stakeholder participation can contribute to systematic reviews of complex interventions, Epidemiol Community Health, 0:1–8. doi:10.1136/jech-2015-20570
Halim, M.A. 1995. Women's Crisis Within Family in Bangladesh, The Bangladesh Society for the Enforcement of Human Rights, Dhaka,
Hayes, B.E. 2008. Measuring Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: Survey Design, Use, and Statistical Analysis Methods. Quality Press, Milwaukee.
Hewlett, S.A., & Luce, C.B. 2005. Off ramps and on ramps: Keeping talented women on the road to success. Harvard Business Review, 83.
Hong, S. 2015. “Citizen Participation in Budgeting: A Tradeoff Between Knowledge and Inclusiveness?” Public Administration Review, 75(4):572–582.
Irvin, R.A., & Stansbury, J. 2004. “Citizen Participation in Decision Making: is it Worth the Effort?” Public Administration Review, 64(1):55–65.
Jacobs, A., & Wilford, R. 2010. “Listen First: a Pilot System for Managing Downward Accountability in NGOs.” Development in Practice, 20(7):797–811.
Kilewo, E.G., & Frumence, G. 2015. Factors that hinder community participation in developing and implementing comprehensive council health plans in Manyoni District, Tanzania. Global Health Action, 8:26461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.26461
Kumorotomo. 2005. Work Planning, Work Coordination, Work Supervision. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Kwamie, K., & Nabyonga-Orem, J. 2016. Improved harmonization from policy dialogue? Realist perspectives from Guinea and Chad. BMC Health Services Research, 16 (Suppl 4):222. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1458
Lukasiewicz, A., & Baldwin, C. 2017. Voice, power, and history: ensuring social justice for all stakeholders in water decision-making. Local Environment, 22(9):1042–1060.
DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2014.942261
MacCallum, D. 2009. Discourse Dynamics in Participatory Planning: Opening the Bureaucracy to Strangers. Farnham: Ashgate.
Macharia, E. W., Mbassana, M., & Oduor, J. (2015). Assessing Sustainability of Rural Water Projects in Naivasha, Kenya, Case Study: Maraigushu Water Project. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 4(7), 52-83
Mansuri, G., & Rao, V. 2012. Localizing Development: Does Participation Work? Washington, DC: World Bank.
Maria J.D., & Helisse, L. 2010. Women in public administration: theory and practice, New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning 40 Tall Pine Drive Sudbury, MA 01776800-832-0034.
Martin, A. 2012. “Political Participation among the Young in Australia: Testing Dalton’s Good Citizen Thesis.” Australian Journal of Political Science, 42:211–226.
Mugenda, M. O and Mugenda A. G, (2003): Research methods quantitative and qualitative approaches, Nairobi: Act. Press.
Murphy, C. 2010. "Cleric's support for men and women mingling in public sparks furor in Saudi Arabia.” The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved: 19 September 2010.
Mutua, M.F. 2015. Influence of Beneficiary Participation on Effective Monitoring and Evaluation of Community Based Water Projects in Kenya: The Case of Kiabaibate-Nchura in Tigania West Sub-County, Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Nairobi.
O’Mara-Eves, A., Brunton, G., McDaid, D., Oliver, S., Kavanagh, J., Jamal, J., Matosevic, T., Harden, A., & Thomas, J. 2013. Community engagement to reduce inequalities in health: a systematic review, meta-analysis and economic analysis. Public Health Research, 1(4), ISSN 2050-438.
Quigley, C.F., Che, S.M., Achieng, S., & Liaram, S. 2016. “Women and the Environmental are Together: Using Participatory Rural Appraisal to Examine Gendered Tensions About the Environment.” Environmental Education Research, 23(6):773–796.
Roberts, P. 2007. Guide to Project Management. Getting It Right and Achieving Lasting Benefit. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New Jersey.
Robertson, L., Mushati, P., Skovdal, M., Eaton, W.J., Makoni, C.J., Crea, T., Mavise, G., Dumba, L., Schumacher, C., Sherr, L., Nyamukapa, C., & Gregson, S. 2014. Involving Communities in the Targeting of Cash Transfer Programs for Vulnerable Children: Opportunities and Challenges. World Development, 54:325–337.
Sabin, B., & Annemarie, S. 2009. Power and poverty: Reducing gender inequality by ways of rural.
employment; Interdisciplinary Centre for Gender Studies, Switzerland Swiss Development Agency, Switzerland.
Sadie, Y. 2005. Women in Political Decision-making in the region. Agenda, No. 65, 17.
Scoones, I. 2007. “Sustainability.” Development in Practice, 17(4-5):589–596.
Sida. 2009. Kenya Water and Sanitation Programme and the Water Sector Reform Programme;
A Joint Sida, GTZ and Government of Kenya Mid-Term Evaluation Mission Report.
Sheely, R. 2015. “Mobilization, Participatory Planning Institutions, and Elite Capture: Evidence From a Field Experiment in Rural Kenya.” i, 67:251–266.
Smith, R.H. 2008. Understanding Career decisions: Women Teachers’ and Head Teachers’ Perceptions of Secondary Headship. London, Leicester University Press.
Swapan, M.S.H. 2014. “Realities of Community Participation in Metropolitan Planning in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study of Citizens and Planning Practitioners’ Perceptions.” Habitat International, 43:191–197.
Thomas, P. 2013. Challenges for participatory development in contemporary development practice, Development Bulletin No.75. Resources, Environment and Development. The Journal of Development Studies, Australia National University.
Moghadam, V.M. 2004. “Patriarchy in Transition: Women and the Changing Family in the Middle East.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies.
UNDP. 2009. Experience of Water Supply and Sanitation, pp. 48–49. London: Human Development Report. New York: UNDP.
UNESCO. 2002. Teaching and Learning for a Sustainable Future. See www.unesco.org/education/tlsf
UNICEF and WHO 2012. Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation. New York: United Nations.
Wasilwa, C. 2015. Effect of Community Participation on Sustainability of Community Based Development Projects in Kenya.
Wilson, A. 2006. Dreams, questions, struggles: South Asian women in Britain. London: Pluto Press.