##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Tasya Rachmadila Ramadhani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-0442
Isa Anshori

Abstract

At present it seems that the religiousness of Muslims is decreasing more and more. This can be seen from the increasing number of Muslims with liberal views and also by the increasing number of atheism, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. The causes and how the decline in the quality of reverberation, especially in areas where the majority are Muslim, will be discussed in this article. This research will use the literature study method by looking for various sources of available statistical data and surveys. Even though the countries in the region are Islamic countries, the research results show that even though the number of Muslim populations is increasing every year, the religiousness of the people in the region has decreased dramatically, especially after the end of the Arab Spring in 2011.


Di masa sekarang tampaknya kereligiusan umat muslim semakin lama semakin menurun. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari semakin banyaknya umat muslim yang berpandangan liberal dan juga dengan meningkatnya jumlah ateisme khususnya di kawasan timur tengah dan afrika utara. Penyebab dan bagaimana turunnya kualitas bergama khususnya di kawasan yang mayoritas beragama islam tersebut akan menjadi pembahasan dalam artikel ini. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan mencari berbagai sumber data statistik dan survei yang telah tersedia. Walaupun negara-negara di kawasan tersebut adalah negara islam, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun jumlah populasi umat muslim setiap tahunnya semakin bertambah banyak, tetapi kereligiusan masyarakat di kawasan tersebut semakin menurun secara dramatis terutama setelah berakhirnya arab spring pada tahun 2011.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

How to Cite
Tasya Rachmadila Ramadhani, & Anshori, I. (2022). Declining Muslim Religious Levels in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Journal of Islamic Civilization, 4(2), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.33086/jic.v4i2.3745
Section
Articles
Religious, Middle Eastern, North African, Arab Spring, Muslim, Non-religious

References

Aktivis pembela hak-hak perempuan Arab Saudi “terancam hukuman mati.” (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved August 23, 2018, from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-45274205

Al Hariri, Y., Magdy, W., & Wolters, M. (2019). Arabs and Atheism: Religious Discussions in the Arab Twittersphere. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11864 LNCS, 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34971-4_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34971-4_2

Holleis, J. (n.d.). Middle East: Are people losing their religion? Deutsche Welle. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.dw.com/en/middle-east-are-people-losing-their-religion/a-56442163

Ireiqat, N. (2015). Ideologies in the Middle East: Is It Conservatism, Modernism, or Liberalism. 4(4), 2334–2978. https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v4n4a1

Is the Arab World Really Becoming less Religious. (2019, June 24). The Week UK. https://www.theweek.co.uk/101902/is-the-arab-world-really-becoming-less-religious

Judit Neurink. (2020, September 11). Are Iraqi Youths Losing their Religion. Al-Monitor. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2020/09/irreligionism-religion-atheism-iraq-secularism.html

Krämer, G. (2013). Modern but not secular: Religion, identity and the ordre public in the Arab Middle East. International Sociology, 28(6), 629–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580913503875 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580913503875

Mengapa perempuan di Arab Saudi bisa dipenjara kalau tidak mematuhi perintah ayah? (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved January 8, 2019, from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-46791977

Naman Karl-Thomas Habtom. (2020, April 6). Is the MENA Region Becoming Less Religious? An Interview with Michael Robbins. Arab Barometer. https://www.arabbarometer.org/2020/04/is-the-mena-region-becoming-less-religious-an-interview-with-michael-robbins/

Obiedat, A. Z. (2022). Mitigating the Strife between Atheists and Islamists in the Arab World: Dissolving Supremacy of Principles within Socio-Historical Reality. Religions, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13090801 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13090801

Pipes, D. (n.d.). Atheism Among Muslims is “Spreading Like Wildfire.” The National Interest. Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://nationalinterest.org/feature/atheism-among-muslims-“spreading-wildfire”-193924

Schielke, S. (2012). Being a nonbeliever in a time of Islamic revival: Trajectories of doubt and certainty in contemporary Egypt. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 44(2), 301–320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743812000062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743812000062

Shevtsova Ivan Krastev, L., Holmes Nicu Popescu Denis Volkov Vladimir Milov Sharon Wolchik, S., Ochieng, K., Gyimah-Boadi, O. E., Kwasi Prempeh Mvemba Dizolele, H., Kambale Catherine Kelly, P., Rupnik Erin Jenne, J., Mudde Miklós Bánkuti, C., Halmai, G., Lane Scheppele Carlos Pereira, K., André Melo on Multiparty Presidentialism Birtukan Midekssa on Aung San Suu Kyi Duncan McCargo, M., Zarakol on Turkey, A., & Roy, O. (2012). Putinism Under Siege Reading African Elections Hungary’s Illiberal Turn The Transformation of the Arab World (Vol. 23).

The Arab world in seven charts: Are Arabs turning their backs on religion? (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved June 24, 2019, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48703377

The Future of The Global Muslim Population. Region: Middle East-North Africa. (2011, January 27). Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east/#:~:text=The region’s share of the,20 years (116 million).

van Nieuwkerk, K. (2021). Introduction: ‘Religious transformation in the middle east: Spirituality, religious doubt, and non-religion in the middle east.’ In Religions (Vol. 12, Issue 6). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060426

Young Arabs are Changing their Beliefs and Preception: New Survey. (2019, December 31). Arab Barometer. https://www.arabbarometer.org/media-news/young-arabs-are-changing-their-beliefs-and-perceptions-new-survey/

Tasya Rachmadila Ramadhani, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

Isa Anshori, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia