##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Lailiyatul Azizah Norhayati Hamzah

Abstract

Bustān al-Salāṭīn is a traditional Islamic text that tells about the history of Malay Islam, especially Aceh. Written in the 17th century by Shaykh al-Islām named Nūr al-Dīn al-Ranīrī (d. 1659), who was then under the rule of Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641). This article discusses how Bustān represents the formation of the Aceh sultanate government system, the sultan who was in power when this manuscript was written, their political behavior, to the evidence of artifacts found based on information in the Bustān manuscript. The manuscript also contains 17th-century intellectual discourse as a marker of the early development of Islam in the Malay world. Reform of Muslim religious practices to change wujūdīyah Sufism. The preparation of Bustān was based on socio-religious conditions in the Aceh sultanate was advancing in the fields of politics and Islamic intellectual development. This article argues Bustān is not only a traditional Malay Islamic ancient text but more than that which can be proven archaeologically whose existence still exists today. Besides that, Bustān contributed to the pilgrimage tradition of the ‘auliyā’ where this practice is common in Java and other parts of the Muslim world.


Bustān al-Salāṭīn adalah sebuah naskah tradisional Islam yang bercerita tentang sejarah Islam Melayu khususnya Aceh. Ditulis abad ke-17 oleh Syaikh al-Islām bernama Nūr al-Dīn al-Ranīrī (w. 1659) yang saat itu bawah kekuasaan Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641). Artikel ini membahas bagaimana Bustān merepresentasikan pembentukan sistem pemerintahan kesultanan Aceh yang berkuasa saat naskah ini ditulis, perilaku politik mereka, hingga bukti artefak yang ditemukan berdasar informasi di dalam naskah Bustān. Naskah tersebut juga berisi wacana intelektual abad ke-17 sebagai penanda awal Islam berkembang di dunia Melayu. Reformasi praktik keagamaan umat Islam untuk mengubah sufism wujūdīyah. Penyusunan Bustān didasarkan pada kondisi sosial keagamaan yang pada saat itu kesultanan Aceh maju di bidang politik dan perkembangan intelektual Islam. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa Bustān bukan saja naskah kuno tradisional Islam Melayu, melainkan lebih dari itu yang dapat dibuktikan secara arkeologis yang keberadaannya masih ada sampai sekarang. Disamping itu Bustān berkontribusi pada tradisi ziarah para ‘auliyā’ dimana praktik ini lumrah terjadi di Jawa dan belahan dunia Muslim lainnya.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

How to Cite
Azizah, L., & Hamzah, N. . (2022). Bustān al-Salāṭīn: Representation of Malay Islamic Civilization (Aceh) in the 17th Century. Journal of Islamic Civilization, 4(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.33086/jic.v4i1.2940
Section
Articles
Bustān al-Salāṭīn; Aceh sultanate, Malay world, al-Ranīrī, Islamic civilization.

References

Abdullah, T. (1989). II. Islam and the Formation of Tradition in Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective. Itinerario, 13(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165115300004137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0165115300004137

Allen, G. V. (2020). Manuscripts of the Book of Revelation: New Philology, Paratexts, Reception. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849056.001.0001

Allen, G. V., & Royle, A. P. (2020). Paratexts Seeking Understanding: Manuscripts and Aesthetic Cognitivism. Religions, 11(10), 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100523

Andaya, L. Y. (2001). Aceh’s Contribution to Standards of Malayness. Archipel, 61(1), 29–68. https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.2001.3612 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.2001.3612

Anggraeni Dyah, S., & Zein, F. K. (2020). The Influence of Cultural Acculturation on Architecture Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon. In G. A. M. Suartika & J. Nichols (Eds.), Reframing the Vernacular: Politics, Semiotics, and Representation (pp. 251–260). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22448-6_20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22448-6_20

Auni, L. (1993). The decline of the Islamic empire of Aceh (1641-1699). McGill University.

Bassett, D. K. (1969). Changes in the Pattern of Malay Politics, 1629–c. 1655*. Journal of Southeast Asian History, 10(3), 429–452. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0217781100005019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0217781100005019

Braginsky, V. (2015). First Encounter Face-to-face: Stories of Embassies Sent to the Ottomans (pp. 40–72). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305946_004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305946_004

Braginsky, V. I. (2005). The Heritage of Traditional Malay Literature: A Historical Survey of Genres, Writings and Literary Views. Brill. https://brill.com/view/title/23610 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004489875

Brakel, L. F. (1975). State and Statecraft in 17th century Aceh. Pre-Colonial State Systems in South-East Asia, Kuala Lumpur: MBRAS, 56–66.

Burhanudin, J. (2001). The Making of Islamic Political Tradition in the Malay World. Studia Islamika, 8(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v8i2.687 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v8i2.687

Burhanudin, J. (2006). Kerajaan-Oriented Islam: The Experience of Pre-Colonial Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 13(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v13i1.575 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v13i1.575

Burhanudin, J. (2021). Islamic Turn in Malay Historiography: Bustān al-Salāṭīn of 17th Century Aceh. Studia Islamika, 28(3), 579–605. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v28i3.21259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v28i3.21259

Chambert-Loir, H. (2017). Islamic Law in 17th Century Aceh. Archipel. Études Interdisciplinaires Sur Le Monde Insulindien, 94, 51–96. https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.444 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/archipel.444

Cutcliffe, J. R., & McKenna, H. P. (1999). Establishing the credibility of qualitative research findings: The plot thickens. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(2), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01090.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01090.x

Doorn-Harder, N., & de Jong, K. (2001). The Pilgrimage to Tembayat: Tradition and Revival in Indonesian Islam. Muslim World, 91, 325–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2001.tb03720.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2001.tb03720.x

Eickelman, D. F., & Piscatori, J. (Eds.). (2013). Muslim Travellers: Pilgrimage, Migration and the Religious Imagination. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315002583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315002583

Enayat, H. (2005). Modern Islamic Political Thought: The Response of the Shi‘i and Sunni Muslims to the Twentieth Century. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Fadhil, M. N., & Fakriah, N. (2021). The Lost Garden of Aceh. Journal of Architecture&ENVIRONMENT, 20(2), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.12962/j2355262x.v20i2.a 10690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12962/j2355262x.v20i2.a10690

Fakriah, N. (2021). Islamic Garden Concept in Bustanussalatin (Garden of the Kings), Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Architecture, 6(3), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i3.10840 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i3.10840

Fathurahman, O. (2012). The Roots of the Writing Tradition of Ḥadīth Works in Nusantara: Hidāyāt al-ḥabīb by Nūr al-Dīn al-Rānīrī. Studia Islamika, 19(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i1.369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i1.369

Feener, R. M., Daly, P., & Reed, A. (2011a). Mapping the Acehnese Past. BRILL.

Feener, R. M., Daly, P., & Reed, A. (2011b). Mapping the Acehnese Past. BRILL. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004253599

Fox, J. J. (2001). Review of Nine Saints of Java [Review of Review of Nine Saints of Java, by D. A. Rinkes, H. M. Froger, A. Gordon, & G. W. J. Drewes]. Asian Journal of Social Science, 29(2), 345–347.

Gibb, H. A. R. (Ed.). (2017). The Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325–1354: Volume II. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315085043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315085043

Gin, O. K., & Tuan, H. A. (2015a). Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1350-1800. Routledge.

Gin, O. K., & Tuan, H. A. (2015b). Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1350-1800. Routledge.

Grinter, A. C. (1979). Book IV of the Bustan Al-Salatin of Nuruddin Ar-Raniri: A Study from the Manuscripts of a Seventeenth-Century Malay Work Written in North Sumatra. University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, Ph. D. Dissertation.

Hadi, A. (1999). Islam and state in seventeenth century Aceh. McGill University.

Harun, J. (2004). Bustan Al‐Salatin, ‘the garden of kings’: A universal history and ADAB work from seventeenth‐century ACEH. Indonesia and the Malay World, 32(92), 21–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363981042000263444 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1363981042000263444

Hill, A. H. (1960). Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 33(2 (190)), 1–215.

Hitchcock, J. (2005). The 5 Pillars of Islam. Verbum, 2(2), 43–50.

Ibrahim, H., Abdullah, R., Hasyim, S., Husni, A., & Saidin, M. (2022). Early Islam of Lamuri site based on archaeological evidence. Archaeological Research in Asia, 29, 100350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2022.100350 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2022.100350

Iskandar, T. (1959). De Hikajat Atjeh. ‘s-Gravenhage: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26530/OAPEN_613413

Iskandar, T. (1980). A. Document concerning the Birth of Iskandar Muda. Archipel, 20(1), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1980.1602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1980.1602

Iskandar, T. (2007). Aceh as a Muslim-Malay Cultural Centre (14th-19th Century). Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore & Rehabilitation and Construction Executing Agency for Aceh and Nias (BRR), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 24.

Ito, T. (1978). Why Did Nuruddin Ar-Raniri Leave Aceh in 1054 A.h.? Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 134(4), 489–491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90002584

Jamhari, J. (2000). In the Center of Meaning: Ziarah Tradition in Java. Studia Islamika, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v7i1.716 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v7i1.716

Jamhari, J. (2001). The Meaning Interpreted: The Concept of Barakah in Ziarah. Studia Islamika, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v8i1.696 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v8i1.696

Jones, R. (1980). The Texts of the Hikayat Raja Pasai: A Short Note. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 53(1 (237)), 167–171.

Kartomi, M. (2010). The development of the Acehnese sitting song-dances and frame-drum genres as part of religious conversion and continuing piety. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 166(1), 83–106. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003626 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003626

Kathirithamby-Wells, J. (1986). Royal Authority and the Orang Kaya in the Western Archipelago, Circa 1500–1800. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 17(2), 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400001041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400001041

Kayane, Y. (2020). Understanding Sunni-Shi’a sectarianism in contemporary Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 48(140), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2020.1675277 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2020.1675277

Khan, S. B. A. L. (2010). Ties That Unbind. Indonesia and the Malay World, 38(111), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2010.489374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2010.489374

Khan, S. B. A. L. (2013). Men of prowess and women of piety: A case study of Aceh Dar al-Salam in the seventeenth century. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 44(2), 204–225. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463413000040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463413000040

Kratz, E. U. (1989). Hikayat Raja Pasai: A Second Manuscript. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 62(1 (256)), 1–10.

Laffan, M. (2011). The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past. In The Makings of Indonesian Islam. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400839995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145303.001.0001

Linehan, W. (1951). Tin Emblems of Mountain-Temples (Gunong-Gunong). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 24(3 (156)), 99–103.

Lombard, D. (1986a). Kerajaan Aceh: Jaman Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636). Balai Pustaka.

Lombard, D. (1986b). Kerajaan Aceh: Jaman Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636). Balai Pustaka.

Lowe, D. (2016). Suspending Disbelief: Magnetic and Miraculous Levitation from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Classical Antiquity, 35(2), 247–278. https://doi.org/10.1525/ca.2016.35.2.247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/ca.2016.35.2.247

Miller, R. M., Chan, C. D., & Farmer, L. B. (2018). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Contemporary Qualitative Approach. Counselor Education and Supervision, 57(4), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceas.12114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ceas.12114

Montana, S. (1997). Nouvelles données sur les royaumes de Lamuri et Barat. Archipel, 53(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1997.3393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1997.3393

Nichols, S. G. (1990). Introduction: Philology in a Manuscript Culture. Speculum, 65(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/2864468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2864468

Norhayati, H. (2017). Nūr al-dīn al-rānīrī’s concept of Islamic history in bustān al salāṭīn: A critical analysis of Book I-Book IV / Norhayati Hamzah [Phd, University of Malaya]. http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7644/

Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1189–1208.

Puerta-Vílchez, J. M. (2021). The Alhambra and the Generalife. The Eternal Landmarks of Islamic Granada. A Companion to Islamic Granada, 365–406. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004425811_018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004425811_018

Quddus, A. (2019). The Book of Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm by Nūr al-Dīn al-Rānirī and the Development of Taṣawwuf in Lombok. Ulumuna, 23(2), 402–424. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v23i2.380 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v23i2.380

Raniri, N. ar, & Iskandar, T. (1966). Bustanu’s-salatin: Bab II, fasal 13. Kementarian Pelajaran Malaysia, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Reid, A. (1988a). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680: Volume One: The Lands below the Winds. Yale University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cc2k66

Reid, A. (1988b). Female Roles in Pre-colonial Southeast Asia. Modern Asian Studies, 22(3), 629–645. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00009720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00009720

Reid, A. (2004). The Turkish Connection (pp. 69–93). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004486553_009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004486553_009

Reid, A., & Ito, T. (1999). A Precious Dutch Map of Aceh, c. 1645. Archipel, 57(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1999.3524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1999.3524

Ricklefs, M. C. (2008). A History of Modern Indonesia Since C.1200. Macmillan International Higher Education.

Ricklefs, M. C. (2013). Malaysia. Le Bustan al-Salatin de Nuruddin ar-Raniri: Réflexions sur le role culturel d’un étranger dans le monde malais au XVIIe siècle. By Paul Wormser. Paris: Cahier d’Archipel41, 2012. Pp. 460. Maps, Bibliography, Index. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 44(1), 184–186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463412000756 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463412000756

Roolvink, R. (1981). Review of The Kingdom of Johor 1641-1728 [Review of Review of The Kingdom of Johor 1641-1728, by L. Y. Andaya]. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 137(2/3), 377–380.

Rosenthal, E. I. J., & J, R. E. I. (1958). Political Thought in Medieval Islam: An Introductory Outline. CUP Archive. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735332

Rusli, H., Dremliuga, R., & Talaat, W. (2020). The Anglo-Dutch Treaty 1824: Was the Partitioning of the Malay Archipelago Valid? Journal of East Asia and International Law, 13, 191.

Salim, A. (2013). Javanese religion, Islam or syncretism: Comparing Woodward’s Islam in Java and Beatty’s Varieties of Javanese Religion. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 3(2), 223. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v3i2.223-266 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v3i2.223-266

Shiraishi, T. (1990). An age in motion: Popular radicalism in Java, 1912-1926. Cornell University Press.

Sirry, M. (2019). New Trends in Qur’ānic Studies: Text, Context, and Interpretation. ISD LLC. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c8h4

Sluiter, I., & Rosen, R. M. (2012). Aesthetic Value in Classical Antiquity. BRILL. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004232822

Sumukti, S. (1997). Gunungan: The Javanese cosmic mountain. University of Hawaii.

Sutherland, H. (1995). Believing Is Seeing: Perspectives on Political Power and Economic Activity in the Malay World 1700–1940. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 26(1), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400010535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400010535

Thurmond, V. A. (2001). The Point of Triangulation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(3), 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00253.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00253.x

Tuncer, E. (2021). Malay Dünyasının İlk Mutasavvıf Şairi Hamza Fansûrî’nin İkan Tunggal Şiiri Bağlamında Vahdet-i Vücûd Anlayışı. İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi, 11(1), 267–290. https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2021.853369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2021.853369

Van Nieuwenhuijze, C. A. O. (1948). Nur al-Dīn al-Ranīrī als Bestrijder der Wugudīya. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, 104(2/3), 337–411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90002528

Wessing, R. (1988). The Gunongan in Banda Aceh, Indonesia: Agni’s Fire in Allah’s Paradise ? Archipel, 35(1), 157–194. https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1988.2423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/arch.1988.2423

Wilkinson, R. J. (1932). The Early Sultans of Pahang. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 10(1 (113)), 45–54.

Winstedt, R. O. (1938a). The Chronicles of Pasai. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 16(2 (131)), 24–30.

Winstedt, R. O. (1938b). The Malay Annals of Sejarah Melayu. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 16(3 (132)), 1–226.

Woodward, M. (2011). Order and Meaning in the Yogyakarta Kraton. In M. Woodward (Ed.), Java, Indonesia and Islam (pp. 137–167). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0056-7_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0056-7_4

Lailiyatul Azizah, State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia

Norhayati Hamzah, University of Malaya, Malaysia