Case Study : Prognosis of Recurrent Depressive Disorder with Somatic Symptoms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33086/iimj.v5i1.4454Keywords:
Depression, recurrent depression, somatic symptoms, prognosisAbstract
Introduction: Depression is a common disease worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. Especially if it lasts a long time and is of moderate or severe intensity, depression can be a serious health condition. Depression can cause affected people to suffer greatly and function poorly at work, at school, and in the family. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide. In general, the good prognosis of depressive episodes can be achieved as well as good response to treatment and early interventions, but with the absence of any other complication such as psychotic symptoms and somatic complaints. This paper discusses the prognosis of recurrent depressive disorders with somatic complaints through a case study.
Case: Male 23 years old complained of headaches that did not improve with pain medication and often recurred for two weeks, feels tingling and heavy in the back, worsening at night, interfere with the patient's daily activities and sleep in the night. These depressive symptoms have recurred since the patient was 19 years old. The patient experienced repeated stress due to arguments between his parents who were often involved in verbal abuse. The patient's prognosis is analyzed using several aspects according to Maramis prognosis analysis, including age, premorbid personality, type of disorder, course of treatment, hereditary factors, and the presence/absence of precipitating factors.
Discussion: According to the course of the disease, the patient experienced recurrent depression since the age of less than 20 years, with somatic symptoms currently accompanying his depressive disorder. The patient experienced repeated recurrences even though he was stated to have improved by the treating doctor, which indicates that the patient's stress management was inadequate. The patient is currently experiencing a skin disorder that worsens his pessimistic feelings and is receiving SSRI antidepressants to improve his depressive symptoms. Based on the analysis of the course of the disease, the prognosis for depressive disorders in patients is poor, or dubia ad bonam.
Conclusions: Recurrent depressive disorders involving younger ages, complications such as somatic symptoms, suboptimal social support, inadequate coping mechanisms, will worsen the prognosis of depression even after receiving adequate treatment
Downloads
References
Bilsen, J. (2018) ‘Suicide and Youth: Risk Factors’, Frontiers in Psychiatry. Frontiers Media S.A. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00540
Buckman, J.E.J. et al. (2021) ‘Is social support pre-treatment associated with prognosis for adults with depression in primary care?’, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, (February), pp. 392–405. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13285
Chang, S.M., Hong, J.P. and Cho, M.J. (2012) ‘Economic burden of depression in South Korea’, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(5), pp. 683–689. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0382-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0382-8
Gomez, A.F., Barthel, A.L. and Hofmann, S.G. (2018) ‘Comparing the efficacy of benzodiazepines and serotonergic anti-depressants for adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A meta-analytic review’, Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 19(8), pp. 883–894. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2018.1472767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2018.1472767
Isymiarni Syarif, A.N. dan I. (2020) ‘331036-faktor-risiko-kejadian-relaps-pada-pende-1467418f-2’, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Islam Makassar Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, 02(11).
James, S.L. et al. (2018) ‘Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017’, The Lancet, 392(10159), pp. 1789–1858. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
J.C., H. et al. (2013) ‘Depression and cardiac disease: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and diagnosis’, Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology, 2013. Available at: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed11&NEWS=N&AN=2013291746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/695925
Juwita, S. and Tugasworo, D. (2015) PENGARUH DERAJAT DEPRESI DENGAN INTENSITAS NYERI KRONIK : STUDI PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN RSUP DR. KARIADI SEMARANG.
Kraus, C. et al. (2019) ‘Prognosis and improved outcomes in major depression: a review’, Translational Psychiatry, 9(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0460-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0460-3
Maramis, W.F. and Maramis, A. (2009) Catatan Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa. 2nd edn. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press.
Maslim, R. (2013) Buku Saku Diagnosis Gangguan Jiwa Rujukan Ringkasan dari PPDGJ-III dab DSM-5. 1st edn. Jakarta: Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa FK-Unika Atmajaya.
Patton, G.C. et al. (2014) ‘The prognosis of common mental disorders in adolescents: A 14-year prospective cohort study’, The Lancet, 383(9926), pp. 1404–1411. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62116-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62116-9
Shadrina, M., Bondarenko, E.A. and Slominsky, P.A. (2018) ‘Genetics Factors in Major Depression Disease’, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00334
Willy F. Maramis Albert A. Maramis (2009) Catatan ilmu kedokteran jiwa / Willy F. Maramis dan Albert A. Maramis. 2nd edn. Edited by W.F., M.A.A. Maramis. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2009.04.010
Wulandari, N.N.W.T.M. (2013) ‘Overview of Depression’, Bagian/SMF PsikiatriFakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana/Rumah Sakit Umum PusatSanglah Denpasar [Preprint].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Firda Nur Laila, Hafid Algristian, Nur Azizah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
