PENGARUH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIATOR di BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of transformational leadership on performance with innovative behaviour as a medium variable in achieving sustainable competitive advantages, the effect of transformational leadership on employees’ ability to innovate, the effect of employees’ innovation skills on their performance and the effect of transformational leadership on employees’ performance. The research approach uses quantitative technique. While data collection in this study is a survey method using Likert scale. The research data analysis will be using SEM analysis with SmartPLS version 3. The samples are 86 employees of membership section. Purposive sampling technique will be employed as samples fetching method. The results prove that there is a significant influence on transformational leadership style on employees’ performance with their innovation behaviour as an intermediate variable. Impact of transformational leadership style is found on employees’ innovation. There is an influence of employees’ innovation behaviour on their performance. Significant influence of transformational leadership style appears on employees’ performance
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How to Cite
Hydayati, A. Z. (2020). PENGARUH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIATOR di BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN. Business and Finance Journal, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.33086/bfj.v5i1.1491
Section
Articles
transformational leadership, innovation ability, employees’ performance, BPJS Employment
References
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Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational Dynamics,
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Bernardin, H.J. & Russel, J.E.A (1993). Human Resource Management an experiental approach. Singapore: Mc Graw-Hill, Inc
Berson, Y., Nemanich, L. A., Waldman, D., Galvin, B. M., & Keller, R. T. (2006). Leadership and organizational learning: A multiple levels perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 577-594
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Byars, L. Lloyd dan Rue, W.Leslie. 2000. Human Resource Management. International Edition. 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill
Carrel, et al, (1992). Organizational Behavior. Prentice Hall Inc
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. in G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp.295–236). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Jong, De & Kemp, R. 2003. Determinants of Co-workers’s Innovative Behaviour: An Investigation into Knowledge Intensive Service. International Journal of Innovation Management. 7 (2)
De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2007). How leaders influence employees' innovative behavior. European Journal of innovation management, 10(1), 41-64
Desplaces, David. 2005. A Multilevel Approach to Individual Readiness to Change. The Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management. Vol.7 No.1
Dorfman, P. W. and J. P. Howell . 1996. Dimensions of National Culture and Effective Leadership Patterns: Hofstede Revisited. Advances in International Comparative Management (3) pp.127-150
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Feldman, M. S., & Pentland, B. T. 2003. Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 94–118.
García-Morales, Jiménez-Barrionuevo, dan Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), 1040–1050
George, J. M., and Brief, A. P. 1992. Feeling Good-Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of The Mood at Work-Organizational Spontaneity Relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 310-329
Getz, I., & Robinson, A.G. 2003. Innovative or die: is that a fact? Creativity Innovation Manage, 12( 3),130-136.
Ghozali, Imam. 2006. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS. (Edisi Ke 4). Semarang:Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro
Ghiselli and Brown. 1995. Personnel and Industrial Psychology. New York: Mc. Graw Hill Book Company Inc.
Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly. 1985. Organisasi, Perilaku, Struktur, Proses. Bina. Rupa Aksara. Jakarta
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Jennex, M. 2006, Case Studies in Knowledge Management: Idea Group Publishing
Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. 2003. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation. The Leadership Quarterly 14, 525–544.
Katz, D., Kahn, R. L. 1978. The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley
Katz, D. 1964. The Motivational Basis of Organizational Behaviour, dalam Behavior Science. 9, halaman: 131- 133
Kotter, John P. 1995, Leading Change, Menjadi Pionir Perubahan, (Joseph Bambang MS, Penerjemah) Jakarta : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Laporan Road Map BPJS Ketanagakerjaan Tahun 2017-2021
Mangkuprawira, Tb. Sjafri. 2009. Horison Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Sumber Daya Manusia. Bogor: ITB Press.
Naveed Ahmad Faraz, Chneng Yanxia, Fawad Ahmed, Zelalem Gebretsadik Estifo, Ali Raza, tahun 2018, The Influence Of Transactional Leadership On Innovative Work Behavior - Mediation Model. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 01
Parmenter D., 2007, Key Performance Indicators Developing, implementing, and Using Winning KPIs, Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons
Porras, J.I. and Robertson, P.J. 1992, Organizational development: theory, practice, and research', in Dunnette, M. and Hough, L. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed., Vol. 3, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, pp. 720- 822.
Ramamoorthy, N., Flood, P.C., Slattery, T. and Sardessai, R. 2005, Determinants of innovative work behavior: development and test of an integrated model, Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 142-150
Rensfelt A., Winblad C. J., Lindman L., 2008, KPI’s Measuring and evaluting in order to increase logistic efficiency, Vaxjo Universitet School of management and Economics, Bachelor Thesis G3 in Business economics, 15 Logistics, FE3583, Spring semester 2008.
Robbins dan Coulter 1999. Manajemen, Edisi VI. PT Prehallindo
Byars, Llloyd L dan Rue, Leslie W. 2000. Human Resource Management, 8 edition. MCGraw-Hill
Sadia Arif dan Aman Akram, 2018, Transformational Leadership and Organizational Performance” SEISENSE Journal of Management Vol. 1. Issue 3. July 2018
Samad. 2012. The Influence of Innovation and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance” Social and Behavioral Sciences 57. 486 – 493.
Schuler, Randall. dan Susan E. Jackson, 1997. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, (Menghadapi Abad Ke-21), Jakarta : PT. Gelora Aksara Pratama
Scott, S. G. and R. A. Bruce. 1994. Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace, Academy of Management Journal, 37, pp. 580– 607.
Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Afabeta
Tanenhaus, M., Vinci, Chatelin, Y.M,. dan Carlo, L. 2004. PLS Path Modeling. Computational Staistic and Data Analysis. 48: 159-205
Tichy Noel M. & David O. Ulrich. 1984, The Leadership Challenge–A Call For the Transformational Leader, Sloan Management Review, Fall 1984, Vol. 26, No. 1, Reprinted with permisson.
Tierney, P. and Farmer, S.M. 2004, The Pygmalion process and employee creativity”, Journal of Management, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 413-432.
Timothy C. Bednall , Alannah E. Rafferty, 1 Helen Shipton, Karin Sanders and Chris J. Jackson, 2018. Innovative Behaviour: How Much Transformational Leadership Do You Need?” British Journal of Management, Vol. 00, 1–21
Voyce Li, Rebecca Mitchell, and Brendan Boyle, 2015. The Divergent Effects of Transformational Leadership on Individual and Team Innovation Group & Organization Management. Group & Organization Management. 1 –32. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
Wang, H., Law, K., Hackett, R., Wang, D., & Chen, Z. X. 2005. Leader-member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 420-432
Wang, E., Chou, H.-W., & Jiang, J. 2005. The impacts of charismatic leadership style on team cohesiveness and overall performance during ERP implementation. International Journal of Project Management, 23, 173-180
Werther, William B. & Keith Davis. 1996. Human Resources And Personal Management. International Edition. McGraw-Hiil, Inc., USA.
Xenikou, A. 2017. Transformational leadership, transactional contingent reward, and organizational identification: the mediating effect of perceived innovation and goal culture orientations. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1754
Yukl, Gary 1994. Leadership in Organisations. Terjemahan Jusuf Udayana. Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi. Edisi 3. Penerbit Prenhallindo, Jakarta.
Yukl, Gary. 2005. Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi (edisi V). Jakarta: PT Indeks.
Yukl, 2015, Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi (edisi VII). Jakarta: PT Indeks.
Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramaniam, N. 2003. Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor full range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 261-295
Baird, Lloyd, (1986), Managing Performance, John Wileyd Son, Inc., New York
Bass, B. M., and Avolio, B. J., 1990, The implications of Transactional and Transformational leadership for individual, team and organizational development. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4 : 231-272.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bass, B. M. 1990. From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision’, Organisational Dynamics, 18, pp. 19–31.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational Dynamics,
Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., & Jung, D. I. 1999. Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 441-462
Basu, R., & Green, S. G. (1997). Leader-member exchange and transformational leadership: An empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader-member dyads. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 477-499.
Bernardin, H.J. & Russel, J.E.A (1993). Human Resource Management an experiental approach. Singapore: Mc Graw-Hill, Inc
Berson, Y., Nemanich, L. A., Waldman, D., Galvin, B. M., & Keller, R. T. (2006). Leadership and organizational learning: A multiple levels perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 577-594
Burns, J.M. 1978, Leadership, NewYork: Harper Row.
Byars, L. Lloyd dan Rue, W.Leslie. 2000. Human Resource Management. International Edition. 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill
Carrel, et al, (1992). Organizational Behavior. Prentice Hall Inc
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. in G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp.295–236). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Jong, De & Kemp, R. 2003. Determinants of Co-workers’s Innovative Behaviour: An Investigation into Knowledge Intensive Service. International Journal of Innovation Management. 7 (2)
De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2007). How leaders influence employees' innovative behavior. European Journal of innovation management, 10(1), 41-64
Desplaces, David. 2005. A Multilevel Approach to Individual Readiness to Change. The Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management. Vol.7 No.1
Dorfman, P. W. and J. P. Howell . 1996. Dimensions of National Culture and Effective Leadership Patterns: Hofstede Revisited. Advances in International Comparative Management (3) pp.127-150
Dyer, J., Gregersen, H., & Christensen, C. M. 2011. The innovator’s DNA: Mastering the five skills of disruptive innovators. Harvard Business Press
Eisenbach,Regina et al. 1999. Transformational leadership in the context of organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 80- 88.
Francoise Contreras, Juan C. Espinosa, Utz Dornberger & Yonni Angel Cuero Acosta, 2017. Leadership and Employees’ Innovative Work Behavior: Test of a Mediation and Moderation Model. Asian Social Science; Vol. 13, No. 9
Feldman, M. S., & Pentland, B. T. 2003. Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 94–118.
García-Morales, Jiménez-Barrionuevo, dan Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), 1040–1050
George, J. M., and Brief, A. P. 1992. Feeling Good-Doing Good: A Conceptual Analysis of The Mood at Work-Organizational Spontaneity Relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 310-329
Getz, I., & Robinson, A.G. 2003. Innovative or die: is that a fact? Creativity Innovation Manage, 12( 3),130-136.
Ghozali, Imam. 2006. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS. (Edisi Ke 4). Semarang:Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro
Ghiselli and Brown. 1995. Personnel and Industrial Psychology. New York: Mc. Graw Hill Book Company Inc.
Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly. 1985. Organisasi, Perilaku, Struktur, Proses. Bina. Rupa Aksara. Jakarta
Giroux, T., & McLarney, C. 2014. Exploring the leadership continuum: The relevance of transformational leadership on organizational performance. Proceedings of the Northeast Region Decision Sciences Institute, 862-886
Jennex, M. 2006, Case Studies in Knowledge Management: Idea Group Publishing
Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. 2003. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation. The Leadership Quarterly 14, 525–544.
Katz, D., Kahn, R. L. 1978. The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley
Katz, D. 1964. The Motivational Basis of Organizational Behaviour, dalam Behavior Science. 9, halaman: 131- 133
Kotter, John P. 1995, Leading Change, Menjadi Pionir Perubahan, (Joseph Bambang MS, Penerjemah) Jakarta : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Laporan Road Map BPJS Ketanagakerjaan Tahun 2017-2021
Mangkuprawira, Tb. Sjafri. 2009. Horison Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Sumber Daya Manusia. Bogor: ITB Press.
Naveed Ahmad Faraz, Chneng Yanxia, Fawad Ahmed, Zelalem Gebretsadik Estifo, Ali Raza, tahun 2018, The Influence Of Transactional Leadership On Innovative Work Behavior - Mediation Model. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 01
Parmenter D., 2007, Key Performance Indicators Developing, implementing, and Using Winning KPIs, Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons
Porras, J.I. and Robertson, P.J. 1992, Organizational development: theory, practice, and research', in Dunnette, M. and Hough, L. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed., Vol. 3, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, pp. 720- 822.
Ramamoorthy, N., Flood, P.C., Slattery, T. and Sardessai, R. 2005, Determinants of innovative work behavior: development and test of an integrated model, Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 142-150
Rensfelt A., Winblad C. J., Lindman L., 2008, KPI’s Measuring and evaluting in order to increase logistic efficiency, Vaxjo Universitet School of management and Economics, Bachelor Thesis G3 in Business economics, 15 Logistics, FE3583, Spring semester 2008.
Robbins dan Coulter 1999. Manajemen, Edisi VI. PT Prehallindo
Byars, Llloyd L dan Rue, Leslie W. 2000. Human Resource Management, 8 edition. MCGraw-Hill
Sadia Arif dan Aman Akram, 2018, Transformational Leadership and Organizational Performance” SEISENSE Journal of Management Vol. 1. Issue 3. July 2018
Samad. 2012. The Influence of Innovation and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance” Social and Behavioral Sciences 57. 486 – 493.
Schuler, Randall. dan Susan E. Jackson, 1997. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, (Menghadapi Abad Ke-21), Jakarta : PT. Gelora Aksara Pratama
Scott, S. G. and R. A. Bruce. 1994. Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace, Academy of Management Journal, 37, pp. 580– 607.
Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Afabeta
Tanenhaus, M., Vinci, Chatelin, Y.M,. dan Carlo, L. 2004. PLS Path Modeling. Computational Staistic and Data Analysis. 48: 159-205
Tichy Noel M. & David O. Ulrich. 1984, The Leadership Challenge–A Call For the Transformational Leader, Sloan Management Review, Fall 1984, Vol. 26, No. 1, Reprinted with permisson.
Tierney, P. and Farmer, S.M. 2004, The Pygmalion process and employee creativity”, Journal of Management, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 413-432.
Timothy C. Bednall , Alannah E. Rafferty, 1 Helen Shipton, Karin Sanders and Chris J. Jackson, 2018. Innovative Behaviour: How Much Transformational Leadership Do You Need?” British Journal of Management, Vol. 00, 1–21
Voyce Li, Rebecca Mitchell, and Brendan Boyle, 2015. The Divergent Effects of Transformational Leadership on Individual and Team Innovation Group & Organization Management. Group & Organization Management. 1 –32. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
Wang, H., Law, K., Hackett, R., Wang, D., & Chen, Z. X. 2005. Leader-member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 420-432
Wang, E., Chou, H.-W., & Jiang, J. 2005. The impacts of charismatic leadership style on team cohesiveness and overall performance during ERP implementation. International Journal of Project Management, 23, 173-180
Werther, William B. & Keith Davis. 1996. Human Resources And Personal Management. International Edition. McGraw-Hiil, Inc., USA.
Xenikou, A. 2017. Transformational leadership, transactional contingent reward, and organizational identification: the mediating effect of perceived innovation and goal culture orientations. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1754
Yukl, Gary 1994. Leadership in Organisations. Terjemahan Jusuf Udayana. Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi. Edisi 3. Penerbit Prenhallindo, Jakarta.
Yukl, Gary. 2005. Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi (edisi V). Jakarta: PT Indeks.
Yukl, 2015, Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi (edisi VII). Jakarta: PT Indeks.