The Effectiveness of the Student Facilitator and Explaining Learning Model Assisted by Ular Tangga Panah Media on Akidah Akhlak Learning Outcomes
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Silviana Faizah
Ummu Khairiyah
Farah Destria Rifanah
Mamlu’atur Rohmah
Abstract
This study aims to assess how well the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) learning model, in conjunction with the ular tangga panah media, can enhance the learning outcomes of third-grade students in the Akidah Akhlak course. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design was employed, involving an experimental group (SFE learning model) and a control group (Numbered Heads Together/NHT), with 52 students participating. Pretests and posttests were used as data collection methods for both groups, and the data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test. The results showed a significant difference in the average posttest scores between the experimental group (M=82.47) and the control group (M=76.36), with a significance value of 0.021, indicating that the SFE learning model was more effective in improving Akidah Akhlak learning outcomes. The novelty of this research lies in implementing an interactive and engaging learning paradigm enhanced with competitive and game-like features. This study presents an alternative learning strategy that improves student learning outcomes in the context of Akidah Akhlak subjects while also fostering interest and collaboration skills.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Silviana Faizah
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References
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Alti, W., & Hasan, H. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining dan Minat terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa. JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia), 4(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.29210/3003463000
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Arrobi, J., Supiani, E., & Hartika, W. (2023). The Influence of the Online Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) Cooperative Learning Model on Learning Outcomes of PAI at SMK Persada, Sukabumi City. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(1), 172–183. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v4i1.325
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Bada, S. O. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 5(6), 66–70. Retrieved from https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jrme/papers/Vol-5 Issue-6/Version-1/I05616670.pdf
Batin Wardah, & M. Zainal Arifin. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator And Explaining untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Leuwiiliang. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(3), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v3i3.185
Bulus, M. (2021). Sample Size Determination and Optimal Design of Randomized/Non-equivalent Pretest-posttest Control-group Designs. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 48–69. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.941434
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Isa, A. H., Mahmud, Y. H., & Labodu, D. I. (2023). Student facilitator and explaining learning: Its use to increase student learning outcomes. Journal of Research in Instructional, 3(2), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.30862/jri.v3i2.265
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Murtiningsih, M. (2018). Implementation of Student Facilitator And Explaining Model To Support The Active, Innovative and Enjoyable Learning in Social Science Learning in 2013 Curriculum-Based Elementary School. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Early Childhood and Primary Education (ECPE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/ecpe-18.2018.29
Mustafa, S., Amaluddin, A., Nurhaeda, N., Sari, V., Zulfatul, N. A., & Jannah. (2023). Fun Learning Method in Effecting the Students’ Interest Learning Mathematics. Kreano: Jurnal Matematika Kreatif Inovatif, 14(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v14i1.40588
Pincham, L. (2015). Developing a Student-Centered Classroom to Promote Socio-Emotional Learning in Young Adolescents. 8th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 5943–5952. Valencia: IATED Digital Library Home.
Purnomo, E., Adnan, A., Purnama, J., Prahani, B. K., Cahyani, F. I., & Haris, F. (2022). Personal Meaning Approach: Alternative for Increasing Students’ Interest in Learning. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 17(12), 4658–4671. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i12.7501
Putra, F. G., Meriyati, Safitri, V. I., Nursa’idah, W., Putri, D., Mistasari, N., … Yunian Putra, R. W. (2021). The influence of student facilitator and explaining (SFAE) learning model viewed from social skills in improving students’ mathematical representation ability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1796(1), 012074. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012074
Qomariyah, N. L., & Fauzi, A. (2021). Pengaruh Strategi Student Fasilitator And Explaining (SFE) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan UNIGA, 15(2), 453. https://doi.org/10.52434/jp.v15i2.1391
Rianti, L., & Nulhakim, L. (2017). Student Facilitator And Explaining (SFAE) terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas IV Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA. Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, 3(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.30870/jpsd.v3i1.1329
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Shoimin, A. (2014). 68 Model Pembelajaran Inovatif dalam Kurikulum 2013. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.
Sihotang, I. M., & Hariani MD, P. P. (2021). Implementation of Lesson Study Based Accounting Learning with Student Facilitator and Explaining Learning Model. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1558
Solihin, R. (2020). Akidah dan Akhlak dalam Perspektif Pembelajaran PAI di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Ibriez : Jurnal Kependidikan Dasar Islam Berbasis Sains, 5(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.21154/ibriez.v5i5.92
Sulistyo, W. D., Lukmanul Khakim, M. N., Jauhari, N., & Anggraeni, R. D. (2021). Fun Learning History: Explore the History of Water Sites Based on Android. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 16(07), 105. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i07.21215
Sürücü, L., & Maslakçi, A. (2020). Validity and Reliability in Quantitative Research. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), 2694–2726. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i3.1540
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Abbas, S., Umangap, W. A., & Amin, A. M. (2023). Collaborative Group Investigation and Self Efficacy on Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v11i1.26614
Alti, W., & Hasan, H. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining dan Minat terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa. JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia), 4(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.29210/3003463000
Amiruddin, A. (2021). Urgensi Pendidikan Akhlak : Tinjauan Atas Nilai dan Metode Perspektif Islam di Era Disrupsi. Journal of Islamic Education Policy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.30984/jiep.v6i1.1474
Arrobi, J., Supiani, E., & Hartika, W. (2023). The Influence of the Online Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) Cooperative Learning Model on Learning Outcomes of PAI at SMK Persada, Sukabumi City. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(1), 172–183. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v4i1.325
Azty, A., Fitriah, F., Sitorus, L. S., Sidik, M., Arizki, M., Siregar, M. N. A., … Suryani, I. (2018). Hubungan antara Aqidah dan Akhlak dalam Islam. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 1(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v1i2.23
Bada, S. O. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 5(6), 66–70. Retrieved from https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jrme/papers/Vol-5 Issue-6/Version-1/I05616670.pdf
Batin Wardah, & M. Zainal Arifin. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator And Explaining untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Leuwiiliang. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(3), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v3i3.185
Bulus, M. (2021). Sample Size Determination and Optimal Design of Randomized/Non-equivalent Pretest-posttest Control-group Designs. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 48–69. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.941434
Efendi, D. (2019). Proses Pembentukan Aqidah dan Akhlak Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Jayapura. Al-Adzka: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 9(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.18592/aladzkapgmi.v9i1.2814
Fatimah, S., Panjaitan, R. G. P., & Wahyuni, E. S. (2022). Penerapan Model Student Facilitator and Explaining Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Respon Siswa Kelas XI SMA. Jurnal IPA & Pembelajaran IPA, 6(3), 300–309. https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v6i3.26866
Fitouchi, L., André, J.-B., & Baumard, N. (2023). Moral disciplining: The cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, e293. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X22002047
Hanani, N. (2020). Meaningful Learning Reconstruction for Millennial: Facing competition in the information technology era. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 469(1), 012107. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012107
Hidayat, U. S., & Ramdhan, R. M. (2016). Model-model Pembelajaran Efektif : Suatu Panduan Menjadi Guru Profesional. Sukabumi: Budhi Mulia Publishing.
Huda, M. (2014). Model - Model Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (Isu-isu dan Paradigmatis). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Isa, A. H., Mahmud, Y. H., & Labodu, D. I. (2023). Student facilitator and explaining learning: Its use to increase student learning outcomes. Journal of Research in Instructional, 3(2), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.30862/jri.v3i2.265
Khanifah, L. N. (2019). Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Project Based Learning dan Keterampilan Kolaborasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar pada Tema Cita-Citaku. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dasar : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Hasil Penelitian, 5(1), 900–908. https://doi.org/10.26740/jrpd.v5n1.p900-908
Khoiriyah, I. Z., Faizah, S. N., & Mubin, M. (2019). Efektivitas Metode Inquiry Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA pada Tema Energi dan Perubahannya. At-Thullab : Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 3(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v3i2.204
Kivunja, C. (2014). Do You Want Your Students to Be Job-Ready with 21st Century Skills? Change Pedagogies: A Pedagogical Paradigm Shift from Vygotskyian Social Constructivism to Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and Siemens’ Digital Connectivism. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v3n3p81
Lickona, T. (2022). Character matters (Persoalan karakter): Bagaimana membantu anak mengembangkan penilaian yang baik, integritas, dan kebajikan penting lainnya. Bumi Aksara.
Matriano, & Agullana, E. (2020). Ensuring Student-Centered, Constructivist and Project-Based Experiential Learning Applying the Exploration, Research, Interaction and Creation (ERIC) Learning Model. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 7(1), 214–227. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1244245
Murtiningsih, M. (2018). Implementation of Student Facilitator And Explaining Model To Support The Active, Innovative and Enjoyable Learning in Social Science Learning in 2013 Curriculum-Based Elementary School. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Early Childhood and Primary Education (ECPE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/ecpe-18.2018.29
Mustafa, S., Amaluddin, A., Nurhaeda, N., Sari, V., Zulfatul, N. A., & Jannah. (2023). Fun Learning Method in Effecting the Students’ Interest Learning Mathematics. Kreano: Jurnal Matematika Kreatif Inovatif, 14(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v14i1.40588
Pincham, L. (2015). Developing a Student-Centered Classroom to Promote Socio-Emotional Learning in Young Adolescents. 8th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 5943–5952. Valencia: IATED Digital Library Home.
Purnomo, E., Adnan, A., Purnama, J., Prahani, B. K., Cahyani, F. I., & Haris, F. (2022). Personal Meaning Approach: Alternative for Increasing Students’ Interest in Learning. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 17(12), 4658–4671. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i12.7501
Putra, F. G., Meriyati, Safitri, V. I., Nursa’idah, W., Putri, D., Mistasari, N., … Yunian Putra, R. W. (2021). The influence of student facilitator and explaining (SFAE) learning model viewed from social skills in improving students’ mathematical representation ability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1796(1), 012074. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012074
Qomariyah, N. L., & Fauzi, A. (2021). Pengaruh Strategi Student Fasilitator And Explaining (SFE) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan UNIGA, 15(2), 453. https://doi.org/10.52434/jp.v15i2.1391
Rianti, L., & Nulhakim, L. (2017). Student Facilitator And Explaining (SFAE) terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas IV Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA. Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, 3(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.30870/jpsd.v3i1.1329
Setiawan, T. Y., Frimals, A., Vandera, D., Ningrum, D. M., Effendi, R. N., & Istiqomah, L. (2022). Factors Affecting Student’s Interest in Learning in Online Learning in Elementary School. IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application), 5(2), 164. https://doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v5i2.9855
Shoimin, A. (2014). 68 Model Pembelajaran Inovatif dalam Kurikulum 2013. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.
Sihotang, I. M., & Hariani MD, P. P. (2021). Implementation of Lesson Study Based Accounting Learning with Student Facilitator and Explaining Learning Model. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1558
Solihin, R. (2020). Akidah dan Akhlak dalam Perspektif Pembelajaran PAI di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Ibriez : Jurnal Kependidikan Dasar Islam Berbasis Sains, 5(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.21154/ibriez.v5i5.92
Sulistyo, W. D., Lukmanul Khakim, M. N., Jauhari, N., & Anggraeni, R. D. (2021). Fun Learning History: Explore the History of Water Sites Based on Android. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 16(07), 105. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i07.21215
Sürücü, L., & Maslakçi, A. (2020). Validity and Reliability in Quantitative Research. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), 2694–2726. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i3.1540
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction Between Learning and Development. In Gauvain & Cole (Eds.) Readings on the Development of Children. New York: Scientific American Books.
Abbas, S., Umangap, W. A., & Amin, A. M. (2023). Collaborative Group Investigation and Self Efficacy on Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v11i1.26614
Abd Hamid Wahid, Chusnul Muali, K. R. Q. (2018). Pengembangan Karakter Guru dalam Menghadapi Demoralisasi Siswa Perspektif Teori Dramaturgi. Jurnal MUDARRISUNA: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(1), 1-2–126. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jm.v8i1.2792
Alti, W., & Hasan, H. (2020). Pengaruh Penggunaan Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining dan Minat terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa. JRTI (Jurnal Riset Tindakan Indonesia), 4(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.29210/3003463000
Amiruddin, A. (2021). Urgensi Pendidikan Akhlak : Tinjauan Atas Nilai dan Metode Perspektif Islam di Era Disrupsi. Journal of Islamic Education Policy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.30984/jiep.v6i1.1474
Arrobi, J., Supiani, E., & Hartika, W. (2023). The Influence of the Online Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) Cooperative Learning Model on Learning Outcomes of PAI at SMK Persada, Sukabumi City. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(1), 172–183. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v4i1.325
Azty, A., Fitriah, F., Sitorus, L. S., Sidik, M., Arizki, M., Siregar, M. N. A., … Suryani, I. (2018). Hubungan antara Aqidah dan Akhlak dalam Islam. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 1(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v1i2.23
Bada, S. O. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 5(6), 66–70. Retrieved from https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jrme/papers/Vol-5 Issue-6/Version-1/I05616670.pdf
Batin Wardah, & M. Zainal Arifin. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator And Explaining untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Leuwiiliang. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(3), 709–726. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v3i3.185
Bulus, M. (2021). Sample Size Determination and Optimal Design of Randomized/Non-equivalent Pretest-posttest Control-group Designs. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 48–69. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.941434
Efendi, D. (2019). Proses Pembentukan Aqidah dan Akhlak Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Jayapura. Al-Adzka: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 9(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.18592/aladzkapgmi.v9i1.2814
Fatimah, S., Panjaitan, R. G. P., & Wahyuni, E. S. (2022). Penerapan Model Student Facilitator and Explaining Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Respon Siswa Kelas XI SMA. Jurnal IPA & Pembelajaran IPA, 6(3), 300–309. https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v6i3.26866
Fitouchi, L., André, J.-B., & Baumard, N. (2023). Moral disciplining: The cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, e293. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X22002047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X22002047
Hanani, N. (2020). Meaningful Learning Reconstruction for Millennial: Facing competition in the information technology era. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 469(1), 012107. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/469/1/012107
Hidayat, U. S., & Ramdhan, R. M. (2016). Model-model Pembelajaran Efektif : Suatu Panduan Menjadi Guru Profesional. Sukabumi: Budhi Mulia Publishing.
Huda, M. (2014). Model - Model Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (Isu-isu dan Paradigmatis). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Isa, A. H., Mahmud, Y. H., & Labodu, D. I. (2023). Student facilitator and explaining learning: Its use to increase student learning outcomes. Journal of Research in Instructional, 3(2), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.30862/jri.v3i2.265
Khanifah, L. N. (2019). Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Project Based Learning dan Keterampilan Kolaborasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar pada Tema Cita-Citaku. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dasar : Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Hasil Penelitian, 5(1), 900–908. https://doi.org/10.26740/jrpd.v5n1.p900-908
Khoiriyah, I. Z., Faizah, S. N., & Mubin, M. (2019). Efektivitas Metode Inquiry Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA pada Tema Energi dan Perubahannya. At-Thullab : Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 3(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v3i2.204
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Matriano, & Agullana, E. (2020). Ensuring Student-Centered, Constructivist and Project-Based Experiential Learning Applying the Exploration, Research, Interaction and Creation (ERIC) Learning Model. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 7(1), 214–227. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1244245
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Mustafa, S., Amaluddin, A., Nurhaeda, N., Sari, V., Zulfatul, N. A., & Jannah. (2023). Fun Learning Method in Effecting the Students’ Interest Learning Mathematics. Kreano: Jurnal Matematika Kreatif Inovatif, 14(1), 12–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v14i1.40588
Purnomo, E., Adnan, A., Purnama, J., Prahani, B. K., Cahyani, F. I., & Haris, F. (2022). Personal Meaning Approach: Alternative for Increasing Students’ Interest in Learning. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 17(12), 4658–4671. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i12.7501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i12.7501
Putra, F. G., Meriyati, Safitri, V. I., Nursa’idah, W., Putri, D., Mistasari, N., … Yunian Putra, R. W. (2021). The influence of student facilitator and explaining (SFAE) learning model viewed from social skills in improving students’ mathematical representation ability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1796(1), 012074. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012074
Qomariyah, N. L., & Fauzi, A. (2021). Pengaruh Strategi Student Fasilitator And Explaining (SFE) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan UNIGA, 15(2), 453. https://doi.org/10.52434/jp.v15i2.1391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52434/jp.v15i2.1391
Rianti, L., & Nulhakim, L. (2017). Student Facilitator And Explaining (SFAE) terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas IV Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA. Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, 3(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.30870/jpsd.v3i1.1329 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30870/jpsd.v3i1.1329
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Shoimin, A. (2014). 68 Model Pembelajaran Inovatif dalam Kurikulum 2013. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.
Sihotang, I. M., & Hariani MD, P. P. (2021). Implementation of Lesson Study Based Accounting Learning with Student Facilitator and Explaining Learning Model. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1558
Solihin, R. (2020). Akidah dan Akhlak dalam Perspektif Pembelajaran PAI di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Ibriez : Jurnal Kependidikan Dasar Islam Berbasis Sains, 5(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.21154/ibriez.v5i5.92 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21154/ibriez.v5i5.92
Sulistyo, W. D., Lukmanul Khakim, M. N., Jauhari, N., & Anggraeni, R. D. (2021). Fun Learning History: Explore the History of Water Sites Based on Android. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 16(07), 105. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i07.21215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i07.21215
Sürücü, L., & Maslakçi, A. (2020). Validity and Reliability in Quantitative Research. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), 2694–2726. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i3.1540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i3.1540
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction Between Learning and Development. In Gauvain & Cole (Eds.) Readings on the Development of Children. New York: Scientific American Book