The Effect of Local Wisdom-Based Educational and Recreational Physical Activities Supported by Interactive Multimedia on Students’ Physical Literacy in Physical Education
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Hikmah Lestari
Widya Handayani
Iwan palentina
Yulian Supradinata
Tiyo Irawan
Abstract
Physical literacy has become an essential concept in physical education as it integrates physical competence, motivation, and confidence, and knowledge and understanding necessary for lifelong physical activity. However, physical education learning in many schools still focuses primarily on motor skills, with limited integration of culturally relevant activities and digital learning media. This study aimed to examine the effects of educational and recreational physical activities, supported by interactive multimedia, on students’ physical literacy. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group. The study was conducted in three junior high schools in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia, involving 60 students. Data were collected through a physical literacy assessment instrument covering physical competence, motivation and confidence, and knowledge and understanding. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normalized gain (N-Gain), and an independent samples t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a substantial improvement in students’ physical literacy scores, with the mean pretest score increasing from 58.27 (SD = 7.02) to 92.90 (SD = 4.06) on the posttest. The N-Gain value of 0.83 indicated a high level of improvement, and the statistical test confirmed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that educational and recreational physical activities based on local wisdom supported by interactive multimedia effectively enhance students’ physical literacy in physical education learning.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Copyright (c) 2026 Hikmah Lestari, Widya Handayani, Iwan palentina, Yulian Supradinata, Tiyo Irawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Margaret Whitehead. *Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse. 1st. London: Routledge, 2010. DOI: 10.4324/9780203881903.
Sahbana Ridha, Mashud, Herita Warni, and Syamsul Arifin. “Physical literacy in Indonesian school physical education: a systematic review of concepts, assessment, and implementation”. In: *Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education 6.3 (Dec. 2025), pp. 285–301. DOI: 10.25299/ESIJOPE.2025.VOL6(3).17622.
V. M. Valle-Muñoz, M. Mendoza-Muñoz, and E. Villa-González. “Physical Literacy as a Pedagogical Model in Physical Education”. In: Children 12.8 (July 2025), p. 1008. DOI: 10.3390/CHILDREN12081008.
L. Mengyu, W. Yuxing, Z. Ziqing, L. Lizhu, and Y. Lili. “Physical literacy among chinese elementary school students: the mediating role of physical knowledge and physical competency”. In: *BMC Public Health* 25.1 (Dec. 2025), pp. 351–. DOI: 10.1186/S12889-025-21523-Y.
J. Carl et al. “Physical literacy in Europe: The current state of implementation in research, practice, and policy”. In: J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 21.1 (Jan. 2023), pp. 165–176. DOI: 10.1016/J.JESF.2022.12.003.
L. C. Edwards, A. S. Bryant, R. J. Keegan, K. Morgan, S. M. Cooper, and A. M. Jones. “‘Measuring’ Physical Literacy and Related Constructs: A Systematic Review of Empirical Findings”. In: Sports Medicine 48.3 (Mar. 2018), pp. 659–682. DOI: 10.1007/S40279-017-0817-9.
H. Son. “The Impact of Movement-Integrated Instruction on Physical Literacy Development in Elementary Students”. In: Educ. Sci. (Basel) 15.5 (May 2025). DOI: 10.3390/EDUCSCI15050545.
K. B. Owen, P. D. Parker, B. Van Zanden, F. MacMillan, T. Astell-Burt, and C. Lonsdale. “Physical Activity and School Engagement in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. In: *Educ. Psychol. 51.2 (Apr. 2016), pp. 129–145. DOI: 10.1080/00461520.2016.1151793.
Harold W. Kohl III, H. D. Cook, Committee on Physical Activity, Physical Education in the School Environment, Food, Nutrition Board, and Institute of Medicine. Physical Activity and Physical Education: Relationship to Growth, Development, and Health. Tech. rep. Oct. 2013. URL: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201497/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201497/).
J. Cairney, D. Dudley, M. Kwan, R. Bulten, and D. Kriellaars. “Physical Literacy, Physical Activity and Health: Toward an Evidence-Informed Conceptual Model”. In: *Sports Medicine* 49.3 (Mar. 2019), pp. 371–383. DOI: 10.1007/S40279-019-01063-3.
A. Anderson, D. G. Sodani, T. Dennis, M. Smith, and S. Irvine Belson. “The Influence of Culturally Responsive Literacy Practices on Students’ Literacy Motivation”. In: *Sage Open* 15.2 (Apr. 2025). DOI: 10.1177/21582440251326378.
D. M. Castelli, J. M. Barcelona, and L. Bryant. “Contextualizing physical literacy in the school environment: The challenges”. In: J. Sport Health Sci. 4.2 (June 2015), pp. 156–163. DOI: 10.1016/J.JSHS.2015.04.003.
P. E. Longmuir et al. “The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy: Methods for children in grades 4 to 6 (8 to 12 years)”. In: BMC Public Health 15.1 (Aug. 2015). DOI: 10.1186/S12889-015-2106-6.
P. E. Longmuir et al. “Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Second Edition: a streamlined assessment of the capacity for physical activity among children 8 to 12 years of age”. In: BMC Public Health 18.Suppl 2 (Oct. 2018), p. 1047. DOI: 10.1186/S12889-018-5902-Y.
M. A. Hartman. “THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL LITERACY, MOTIVATION, COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN”. PhD thesis. 2025.
D. Zhang, L. Shi, X. Zhu, S. Chen, and Y. Liu. “Effects of intervention integrating physical literacy into active school recesses on physical fitness and academic achievement in Chinese children”. In: *J. Exerc. Sci. Fit.* 21.4 (Oct. 2023), pp. 376–384. DOI:10.1016/J.JESF.2023.09.004.
R. Rutkauskaite, J. Baravykiene, E. Maciuleviciene, and S. Sukys. “Physical Literacy of Physical Education Teachers and the Application of Physical Literacy Components During Physical Education Classes”. In: Educ. Sci. (Basel) 14.12 (Dec. 2024). DOI: 10.3390/EDUCSCI14121391.
F. J. Wang, S. M. Choi, and Y. C. Lu. “The relationship between physical literacy and quality of life among university students: The role of motivation as a mediator”. In: J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 22.1 (Jan. 2023), p. 31. DOI: 10.1016/J.JESF.2023.10.002.
J. E. Suguis and S. S. Belleza. “Student Engagement as Influenced by Physical Activity and Student Motivation Among College Students”. In: International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 7.1 (Feb. 2022), pp. 28–40. DOI: 10.11648/J.IJSSPE.20220701.15.
U. Nugraha, R. S. Budiarti, and E. Yuliawan. “Boosting physical education performance: how attitude and motivation instruments impact student success”. In: Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education 6.2 (July 2025), pp. 127–139. DOI: 10.25299/ESIJOPE.2025.VOL6(2).15897.
I. Castillo, J. Molina-García, I. Estevan, A. Queralt, and O. Álvarez. “Transformational Teaching in Physical Education and Students’ Leisure-Time Physical Activity: The Mediating Role of Learning Climate, Passion and Self-Determined Motivation”. In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17.13 (July 2020), pp. 1–16. DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH17134844.
S. O. Ulstad, H. Halvari, Ø. Sørebø, and E. L. Deci. “Motivation, Learning Strategies, and Performance in Physical Education at Secondary School”. In: Advances in Physical Education 6.1 (2016), pp. 27–41. DOI: 10.4236/APE.2016.61004.
R. N. Raval. “The Importance of Traditional Outdoor Games in Children’s Cognitive and Social Development”. In: Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3.2 (Mar. 2023), pp. 196–198. DOI: 10.55544/IJRAH.3.2.33.
M. Aldiyanor, A. Rakhman, and Rahmadi. “Implementation of Physical Education Learning Based on Local Wisdom in the Form of Traditional Games in Balangan Regency”. In: COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga 17.2 (July 2025), pp. 811–820. DOI: 10.26858/CJPKO.V17I2.73368.
Mohd. Adrizal et al. “Optimizing Physical Education Learning: Developing Local Wisdom-Based Learning Materials To Improve Students’ Learning Motivation”. In: JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning) 9.1 (Aug. 2024), pp. 69–73. DOI: 10.26737/jetl.v9i1.5930.
I. Irfan and N. Nasrullah. “Development of a Physical Education Learning Model Based on Geo Traditional Games”. In: AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan 17.4 (Jan. 2025). DOI: 10.35445/ALISHLAH.V17I4.7581.
M. Çinar and F. Hassani. “The effects of traditional games on physical literacy among school-aged children”. In: Front. Sports Act. Living 7 (Jan. 2026), p. 1759890. DOI: 10.3389/FSPOR.2025.1759890.
C. Bessa, P. Hastie, A. Rosado, and I. Mesquita. “Sport Education and Traditional Teaching: Influence on Students’ Empowerment and Self-Confidence in High School Physical Education Classes”. In: Sustainability 13.2 (Jan. 2021), pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.3390/SU13020578.
E. Roig-Hierro, X. Ríos-Sisó, F. Buscà, M. Guillem, and A. Batalla. “The positive impact of physical activity on academic performance among catalan adolescents”. In: Cogent Education 12.1 (Dec. 2025). DOI: 10.1080/2331186X.2025.2497139.
R. E. Pacadaljen. “Integrating culturally-oriented activities in physical education: Analysis on the incidental learning and appreciation of learners to Philippine culture”. In: Environment and Social Psychology 9.10 (2024). DOI: 10.59429/ESP.V9I10.2698.
Y. Vaskov. “Enhancing the Quality of Physical Culture Education: Exploring the Role of Communicative Competence in Physical Culture Teachers”. In: Physical Culture, Recreation and Rehabilitation 1.2 (Dec. 2022), pp. 30–33. DOI: 10.15561/PHYSCULT.2022.0203.
G. M. M. Boonekamp, J. A. J. Dierx, and E. Jansen. “Motivating students for physical activity: What can we learn from student perspectives?” In: Eur. Phy. Educ. Rev. 27.3 (Aug. 2021), pp. 512–528. DOI: 10.1177/1356336X20970215.
A. H. Saputra, Rasyono, and W. Agustina. “Improving students’ motivation through the use of interactive media in physical education learning”. In: Sriwijaya Journal of Sport 5.1 (Oct. 2025), pp. 217–226. DOI: 10.55379/SJS.V5I1.141.
Indah Verawati, Rahma Dewi, and Muhammad Reza Destya. “The Impact of Interactive Learning Media to Increase Interest in Learning Physical Education”. In: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru 7.3 (Nov. 2024), pp. 466–473. DOI: 10.23887/JIPPG.V7I3.85542.
M. I. Aksir et al. “Utilizing Digital Technology in Physical Education: A Review of the Latest Methods and Platforms”. In: Journal Physical Health Recreation (JPHR) 6.1 (Dec. 2025), pp. 183–193. DOI: 10.55081/JPHR.V6I1.5231.
E. Staneviciene and G. Žekienė. “The Use of Multimedia in the Teaching and Learning Process of Higher Education: A Systematic Review”. In: Sustainability (Switzerland) 17.19 (Oct. 2025). DOI: 10.3390/SU17198859.
L. Teguh Hari Wiguno, A. Wibowo Kurniawan, H. Wahyudi, and A. Hanif Aqsha. “Development of Interactive Multimedia-Based Physical Fitness Learning Media in Junior High School”. In: JOSSAE (Journal of Sport Science and Education) 8.1 (June 2023), pp. 54–68. DOI: 10.26740/JOSSAE.V8N1.P54-68.
J. W. Creswell and V. L. P. Clark. Designing & conducting mixed methods research. SAGE PUBLICATIONS, 2017.
J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. fifth. New York: SAGE Publications Inc., 2018.
A. Martín-Rodríguez and R. Madrigal-Cerezo. “Technology-Enhanced Pedagogy in Physical Education: Bridging Engagement, Learning, and Lifelong Activity”. In: Education Sciences 15.4 (Mar. 2025), p. 409. DOI: 10.3390/EDUCSCI15040409.
S. Wardani, S. Rahmawati, R. Rianto, A. Witanti, and B. K. Riasti. “Integrating Digital Technology into Traditional Game-Based Learning to Cultivate Local Wisdom Values among Elementary School Students in Bantul, Indonesia”. In: International Journal of Information and Education Technology 15.10 (2025), pp. 2128–2139. DOI: 10.18178/IJIET.2025.15.10.2411.
İ. İlbak, M. Akarsu, L. Cepicka, and P. Valach. “The mediating role of physical activity attitude in the relationship between physical literacy and a sustainable healthy lifestyle in adolescents”. In: Front. Psychol. 16 (2025), p. 1661080. DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2025.1661080.
L. Jiabin, Z. Shanshan, L. Xiaomei, Y. Kaixin, and Y. Ying. “The benefits of physical literacy for human flourishing: A machine learning–based exploration of adolescents”. In: Appl. Psychol. Health Well. Being. 17.1 (Feb. 2025), e12635. DOI: 10.1111/APHW.12635.
S. A. Sakti, S. Endraswara, and A. Rohman. “Revitalizing local wisdom within character education through ethnopedagogy apporach: A case study on a preschool in Yogyakarta”. In: Heliyon 10.10 (May 2024), e31370. DOI: 10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E31370.
G. F. Friskawati and M. R. Stephani. “Analysis Research Trends of Physical Literacy in Indonesia”. In: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga 6.2 (Oct. 2021). DOI: 10.17509/JPJO.V6I2.38298.
E. P. Roetert and L. C. MacDonald. “Unpacking the physical literacy concept for K-12 physical education: What should we expect the learner to master?” In: J. Sport Health Sci. 4.2 (June 2015), pp. 108–112. DOI: 10.1016/J.JSHS.2015.03.002.
M. Whitehead. “The Concept of Physical Literacy”. In: European Journal of Physical Education 6.2 (Jan. 2001), pp. 127–138. DOI: 10.1080/1740898010060205.
F. C. Bull et al. “World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour”. In: Br. J. Sports Med. 54.24 (Dec. 2020), pp. 1451–1462. DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-102955.
H. Goss, S. Belton, W. O’Brien, M. J. Duncan, and L. Foweather. “Physical Literacy—Being Active to Live Your Best Life”. In: Front. Young Minds 12 (Jan. 2025). DOI: 10.3389/FRYM.2024.1459510.
Mohd. Adrizal, I. Ilham, M. Ali, S. Y. Bangun, D. Sastradika, and Y. Ockta. “Optimizing Physical Education Learning: Developing Local Wisdom-Based Learning Materials To Improve Students’ Learning Motivation”. In: JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning) 9.1 (Aug. 2024), p. 69. DOI: 10.26737/JETL.V9I1.5930.
R. Ramli, R. Razali, A. N. Gadeng, N. Diana, and J. Hariadi. “Integrating Local Knowledge into Higher Education: A Qualitative Study of Curriculum Innovation in Aceh, Indonesia”. In: Education Sciences 15.9 (Sept. 2025), p. 1214. DOI: 10.3390/EDUCSCI15091214.
D. Petri, M. Luinge, K. van Veen, A. Kassenberg, and E. Denessen. “Cultural knowledge of students for primary school teachers: A scoping review”. In: Learn. Cult. Soc. Interact. 54 (Oct. 2025), p. 100926. DOI: 10.1016/J.LCSI.2025.100926.
A. Haleem, M. Javaid, M. A. Qadri, and R. Suman. “Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review”. In: Sustainable Operations and Computers 3 (2022), pp. 275–285. DOI: 10.1016/J.SUSOC.2022.05.004.
A. Uzorka and O. A. Odebiyi. “Impact of Digital Learning Tools on Student Engagement and Achievement”. In: JOURNAL OF DIGITAL LEARNING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION 4.1 (June 2025), pp. 1436–1445. DOI: 10.56778/JDLDE.V4I1.511.
J. Anthony. “Influence of Technology Integration in Physical Education on Student Engagement and Fitness Outcomes in American Schools”. In: International Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports 2.4 (Sept. 2024), pp. 15–25. DOI: 10.47604/IJPERS.2957.
A. Casey and B. Jones. “Using digital technology to enhance student engagement in physical education”. In: Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education 2.2 (2011), pp. 51–66. DOI: 10.1080/18377122.2011.9730351.
A. S. Fahri et al. “Physical Literacy Research Trends In Children In Indonesia: Analysis Using Scopus Database”. In: STAMINA 8.2 (June 2025), pp. 53–62. DOI: 10.24036/JST.V8I2.1294.
I. Adandom et al. “Physical literacy among older adults: how feasible is this in the Nigerian context? A qualitative exploration of the concept among physiotherapists”. In: Phys. Educ. Sport Pedagogy (July 2025). DOI: 10.1080/17408989.2025.2536692.
A. Hernaiz-Sánchez, M. A. González-Valeiro, Ó. Romero-Chouza, and M. A. Fernández-Villarino. “Physical literacy conceptions in teacher training: a longitudinal study”. In: Front. Psychol. 16 (Dec. 2025), p. 1699089. DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2025.1699089.