The Effect of Budget Efficiency Policies on the Quality and Sustainability of Islamic Education in Indonesia: Challenges and Strategic Responses
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Vita Fitriatul Ulya
Ahmad Suyanto
Masdar Hilmy
Ah. Zakki Fuad
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of government budget efficiency measures on the quality of Islamic education in Indonesia. As Islamic education plays a crucial role in the national education system—serving millions of students across Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and madrasas—budgetary policies are likely to have significant consequences for educational outcomes, teacher welfare, infrastructure, and institutional sustainability. This research employs a qualitative literature review methodology, drawing on secondary sources such as scholarly publications, policy reports, recent academic articles, and digital media content, including YouTube and other social platforms. A descriptive analytical approach is utilized to assess the extent to which budget efficiency policies influence the quality of Islamic educational institutions. The findings indicate that budget reductions adversely affect teacher professional development initiatives, availability of educational facilities, and the overall welfare of teachers. Furthermore, diminished financial support has led to reduced access to essential educational resources for students in madrasas and pesantren. To address these challenges, the study recommends the implementation of alternative strategies, including strengthened governance mechanisms, increased collaboration with the private sector, and more transparent, targeted budget management practices. The study concludes with a call for further empirical research to deepen understanding of the long-term implications of budget efficiency measures on Islamic education in Indonesia.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Copyright (c) 2025 Vita Fitriatul Ulya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
“Instruksi Presiden (Inpres) Nomor 1 Tahun 2025 tentang Efisiensi Belanja dalam Pelaksanaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara dan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah Tahun Anggaran 2025,” 2025. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/.
“Rencana Pemotongan Anggaran Kemdiktisaintek Rp 22,5 Triliun Disebut Terbesar Setelah Kementerian PU.” https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2025/02/05/170313671/rencana-pemotongan-anggaran-kemdiktisaintek-rp-225-triliun-disebut-terbesar.
A. Theodora, “Hasil Pemangkasan Anggaran untuk Danantara, Ekonomi Jangka Pendek Berisiko Melemah,” Kompas.id, 2025. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/hasil-efisiensi-anggaran-untuk-danantara-waspada-ekonomi-bisa-melemah.
A. Mardiana, “Program Makan Siang Gratis Tuai Polemik: Efisiensi Anggaran Hingga Isu PHK,” Katadata.com, 2025. https://katadata.co.id/berita/nasional/67ad665e2935f/program-makan-siang-gratis-tuai-polemik-efisiensi-anggaran-hingga-isu-phk.
egsaugm, “Pemangkasan Anggaran pada Kementerian Pendidikan: Efisiensi pada Kementerian atau Ancaman bagi Pendidikan?,” https://egsa.geo.ugm.ac.id/, 2025. https://egsa.geo.ugm.ac.id/2025/02/28/pemangkasan-anggaran-pada-kementerian-pendidikan-efisiensi-pada-kementerian-atau-ancaman-bagi-pendidikan/.
“Menjadi Muslim, Menjadi Indonesia (Kilas Balik Indonesia Menjadi Bangsa Muslim Terbesar),” kemenag.go.id, 2020. https://kemenag.go.id/opini/menjadi-muslim-menjadi-indonesia-kilas-balik-indonesia-menjadi-bangsa-muslim-terbesar-03w0yt.
odd semester report data up to 31 D. 2023 Kementerian Agama, EMIS, data semester ganjil laporan sampai dengan 31 Desember 2023/Ministry of Religious Affairs, EMIS, “No Title.” https://www.bps.go.id/id/.
M. A. Ma’ruf and A. Hidayat, “Realisasi anggaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan (kajian pada aspek keadilan di lembaga pendidikan madrasah),” BAHTSUNA J. Penelit. Pendidik. Islam, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 23–33, 2024, doi: 10.55210/bahtsuna.v6i1.432.
“Anggaran Pendidikan 2024 Meningkat Jadi Rp660,8 triliun,” https://puslapdik.dikdasmen.go.id/. https://puslapdik.dikdasmen.go.id/anggaran-pendidikan-2024-meningkat-jadi-rp6608-triliun/.
D. Rahman and A. R. Akbar, “Problematika Yang Dihadapi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Sebagai Tantangan Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan,” Nazzama J. Manag. Educ., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 76, 2021, doi: 10.24252/jme.v1i1.25242.
A. Cooley, “Funding US higher education: policy making theories reviewed,” J. High. Educ. Policy Manag., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 673–681, 2015, doi: 10.1080/1360080X.2015.1102819.
G. S. Becker, “Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education (3rd Edition),” Natl. Bur. Econ. Res., no. January, pp. 15–28, 1994, [Online]. Available: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11229.
T. W. Schultz, “Human Capital: Policy Issues and Research Opportunities,” in Economic Research: Retrospect and Prospect, vol. 6, NBER, 1972, pp. 1–84.
P. Sabatier and D. Mazmania, “The Implementation of Public Policy: A Framework of Analysis,” 1980, [Online]. Available: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/33366842/Implementation.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1539806052&Signature=oM8Z7rAKnCJbmLcCwuHUnlN9CxM%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B filename%3DCONCEPTUAL_FRAMEWORK_THE_IMPLEMEN.
M. S. A. F. Santoso, “Analisis Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Negara(Apbn) Terhadap Pendanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan,” J. Stud. Ilmu Pemerintah., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 31–36, 2021, doi: 10.35326/jsip.v2i2.1524.
J. Juanda, “Anomali Anggaran Pendidikan Dalam Pengaturan Dan Praktek,” Dharmasisya, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 817–830, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=dharmasisya.
K. De Witte, E. M. de la Torre, G. Sicilia, and T. Agasisti, “The importance of efficiency analysis for improving public services: Editorial to the special issue on ‘Efficiency and productivity analysis of public services in practice,’” Int. Trans. Oper. Res., vol. 32, pp. 2443–2452, 2025, doi: 10.1111/itor.70009.
E. Warmanto, “Pembiayaan Pendidikan Islam,” J. Intelek dan Cendekiawan Nusant., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–37, 2024.
E. Febriani, M. Syaifuddin, and S. Syafaruddin, “Kebijakan Pemerintah Tentang Standar Pembiayaan Pendidikan Agama Islam,” J. Islam. Educ. El Madani, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 114–120, 2023, doi: 10.55438/jiee.v2i2.65.
A. Muiz, R. Anisah, U. Khoiruddin, and E. Indrioko, “Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Mengatasi Masalah Kualitas , Kuantitas Efektivitas dan Efisiensi,” Ihsan J. Pendidik. Islam, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 46–64, 2024.
E. A. Hanushek, “American Economic Association The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency i n Public Schools,” Source J. Econ. Lit., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1141–1177, 1986.
F. Robiansyah, “Analysis of Education Budget Efficiency in an Islamic Perspective,” TA’LIMUNA J. Pendidik. Islam, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 143–155, 2025.
“Anggaran Dipotong Rp14T, Kemenag Cari Solusi Agar Program Tidak Terhambat.” https://kemenag.go.id/nasional/anggaran-dipotong-rp14t-kemenag-cari-solusi-agar-program-tidak-terhambat-EzXAo.
N. Izlyn, Nurrabani, D. A. Fitri, and R. Ananda, “Standar Pembiayaan Pendidikan Dasar,” Pendas J. Ilm. Pendidik. Dasar, vol. 09, pp. 195–222, 2024, doi: 10.1201/9781032622408-13.
“Menag soal Efisiensi Anggaran: Pendiri Bangsa Dulu Tanpa Dukungan APBN.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SH_SheDVdQ.
Office of Assistant to Deputy Cabinet Secretary, “President Prabowo: Budget Efficiency Aims to Improve People’s Prosperity,” Setkab.go.id, 2025. https://setkab.go.id/en/president-prabowo-budget-efficiency-aims-to-improve-peoples-prosperity/.
A. Nugroho, “UGM Expert: Budget Cuts Could Lower Education Quality and Cause Economic Contraction,” Universitas Gajah Mada, 2025. https://ugm.ac.id/en/news/ugm-expert-budget-cuts-could-lower-education-quality-and-cause-economic-contraction/#:~:text=He also regretted the potential,poverty and reduce social inequality.
Yusrawati and H. A. Karim, “The Effectiveness of Islamic Education Financing Management Amid Government Spending Efficiency Policies,” FiTUA J. Stud. Islam, vol. 6, no. 1, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v6i1.1008.
D. Efendi, “Madrasah di Era Efisiensi Anggaran: Antara Tantangan dan Inovasi,” Kompasiana, 2025. https://www.kompasiana.com/amp/dediefendi2980/67bc81bbed6415475b70d013/madrasah-di-era-efisiensi-anggaran-antara-tantangan-dan-inovasi.
C. Mahfud, “A Policy Analysis of Islamic Education Budget in Indonesia,” Edukasia Islam., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 172–190, 2017.
“Kenalkan Asta Protas, Menag: Isinya Program Kemenag Berdampak,” 2025. https://kemenag.go.id/pers-rilis/kenalkan-asta-protas-menag-isinya-program-kemenag-berdampak-bmU0u.
J. W. Z, “Asta Prioritas Kemenag Berdampak dan Trilogi Menteri Agama untuk Indonesia Emas.” https://www.radenintan.ac.id/asta-prioritas-kemenag-berdampak-dan-trilogi-menteri-agama-untuk-indonesia-emas/.
“Edaran Efisiensi Anggaran Kementerian Agama Tahun 2025 Dan Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Fungsi.” [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tt_ljn-R78k.
M. Kosim, F. Muqoddam, F. Mubarok, and N. Q. Laila, “The dynamics of Islamic education policies in Indonesia,” Cogent Educ., vol. 10, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2023.2172930.
S. Suryanef, A. Rafni, and S. Nurman, “Reconstruction of a Religion-Based Education Policy Model as Local Character Strengthening in the City of Padang,” Proc. Unima Int. Conf. Soc. Sci. Humanit. (UNICSSH 2022), pp. 795–804, 2023, doi: 10.2991/978-2-494069-35-0_97.
A. M. N and R. Arfeinia, “Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Pendidikan Islam,” Andragogi J. Pendidik. Islam dan Manaj. Pendidik. Islam, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 280–298, 2020, doi: 10.36671/andragogi.v2i2.105.
R. Viennet and B. Pont, “Education Policy Implementation: A Literature Review and Proposed Framework. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 162.,” OECD Educ. Work. Pap., vol. 162, no. December, p. 63, 2017, [Online]. Available: www.oecd.org/edu/workingpapers.
S. C. of H. E. for Virginia, “FY 2022 Budget and Policy Recommendations for Higher Education in Virginia,” State Counc. High. Educ. Virginia, no. November 2020, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=ED610141&site=ehost-live.
R. Setiawan, N. N. Hanifa, and L. P. Nurjannah, “The Concept of renewal of Islamic Education in the Modern Era According To the Perspective of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas,” Iconie FTIK UIN K.H Abdurrahan Wahid, pp. 2239–2250, 2024.
R. C. B. Scott et al., “Budget Cuts and Lost Learning: Assessing the Impact of Covid-19 on Public Education,” U.S. Gov. Publ. Off., 2022.
Yudi Agung Franata, Andi Zainal Abidin, Kasful Anwar US, and Sya’roni Sya’roni, “Politik dan Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia,” J. Budi Pekerti Agama Islam, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 284–295, 2024, doi: 10.61132/jbpai.v2i5.561.
J. Shaturaev, “Financing and Management of Islamic (Madrasah) Education in Indonesia,” Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Częstochowskiej Zarządzanie, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 57–65, 2021, doi: 10.17512/znpcz.2021.2.05.
L. Hakim, “Kebijkan Penganggaran Pendidikan Islam (Konstruksi Anggaran Pendidikan Islam dalam kebijakan Desentralisasi),” J. Ilmu Pengetah. Dan Pendidik. Islam, vol. Vol.11 No., p. 89, 2023, [Online]. Available: http://www.nber.org/papers/w16019.
A. Mukhlasin, “Dualisme Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan,” Cybern. J. Educ. Res. Soc. Stud., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 62–72, 2021.
S. Baroudi, “Designing the Lebanese public education budget: A policy document analysis,” Int. Educ. J., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 25–38, 2019.
F. Firmansyah, “Tinjauan Filosofis Tujuan Pendidikan Islam,” TA’LIM J. Stud. Pendidik. Islam, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 47–63, 2022, doi: 10.52166/talim.v5i1.2857.
A. Muid and M. M. Luthfillah, “Implikasi Konsep Tujuan Pendidikan Islam Muhammad `Athiyah Al Abrasyi Terhadap Pendidikan di Indonesia,” J. Mijayatulilmi.Com, pp. 1–23, 2022.
M. Parhan, R. Syafitri, S. S. Rahmananda, and M. E. S. Aurora, “Konsep Integrasi Pendidikan Islam dalam Pendidikan Nasional sebagai Upaya Menghibdari Dikotomi Pendidikan di Indonesia,” Al Fikr J. Pendidik. Islam, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 41–48, 2022.
Achmad Sudaryo, “Dinamika Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia,” INTERDISIPLIN J. Qual. Quant. Res., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2023, doi: 10.61166/interdisiplin.v1i1.1.
U. I. N. Sjech and M. D. Djambek, “Dampak Pembiayaan Pendidikan Islam terhadap Akses dan Kualitas Pendidikan di Indonesia,” PerspektifAgama danIdentitas, vol. 9, pp. 60–67, 2024.
M. F. S. Arzani, “Analisis Efisiensi Anggaran Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia Tahun 2013-2015 Pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis,” UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2017.
S. Latief, Y. A. Sari, M. Yusuf, A. Armila, and R. E. Hidayat, “The Development of Islamic Education and Strengthening of National Education System of Indonesia,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Educ. Relig., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 86–99, 2021, doi: 10.33648/ijoaser.v4i2.105.
M. F. F. Rizki, P. N. Zamzani, and M. Fahreza, “Analisis Kebijakan Kurikulum Madrasah dan Madrasah Diniyah di Indonesia,” JIIP - J. Ilm. Ilmu Pendidik., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 809–816, 2024, doi: 10.54371/jiip.v7i1.3150.
B. Z. Achmadin, A. N. Kawakip, M. M. Nafis, A. Rahman, E. Sayed, and A. Ghaffar, “Reorienting Pesantren Education in East Java: A Critical Analysis of the Thought of Zamakhsyari Dhofier and Abdurrahman Mas’ud,” Al-Fikru J. Ilm., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 41–63, 2024.
B. A. A’la, X. Sun, M. Hilmy, and S. Suryani, “Reflective Teaching Practice: Insight(s) from Indonesia’s Pesantren,” J. Pendidik. Agama Islam (Journal Islam. Educ. Stud., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 213–234, 2023, doi: 10.15642/jpai.2023.11.2.213-234.
S. Bakti, “Pondok Pesantren Modern: Politik Pendidikan Islam dan Problematika Identitas Muslim,” Edukatif J. Ilmu Pendidik., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 2899–2914, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v5i6.6052.
A. Rohman and A. Widowati, “Political perspective on educational budget policy of the Special City government of Yogyakarta Indonesia,” Cakrawala Pendidik., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 182–191, 2024, doi: 10.21831/cp.v43i1.56111.
E. Fleming and B. Dollery, “A conceptual note on accounting for budget internalities in public policy making,” Impact Assess. Proj. Apprais., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 67–70, 2008, doi: 10.3152/146155108X279966.
M. P. Murphy, “How policy and budget proofing can advance human rights and equality in Ireland,” Administration, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1–13, 2017, doi: 10.1515/admin-2017-0021.
I. Hazm Ali bin Ahmad bin Said, Al-Ahkam fi Ushulil Ahkam. Cairo: Dar al-Hadits, 1998.
H. Arinto, “Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Bidang Pendidikan (Penerapan Data Envelopment Analysis),” Universitas Indonesia, 2011.
V. Gunnarsson, S. Carcillo, and M. Verhoeven, “Education and Health in G7 Countries: Achieving Better Outcomes with Less Spending,” IMF Work. Pap., vol. 07, no. 263, p. 1, 2007, doi: 10.5089/9781451868265.001.