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Contemporary healthcare faces a critical disconnect between advanced medical technologies and practical implementation. While research explores sophisticated diagnostic methods like genotypic identification of dermatophytes and modern therapies such as laser treatment for osteoarthritis, significant reliance persists on traditional herbal remedies like betel leaf extracts and Red Piper Crocatum. This disparity highlights the gap between diagnostic capabilities and accessible therapeutic solutions.

Compounding this issue, healthcare systems struggle with dual disease burdens: rising chronic conditions (evidenced by increasing hemodialysis searches) alongside persistent infectious diseases (reflected in TB surveillance challenges). The parallel development of physical therapies like aquatic exercise and investigation of traditional anti-inflammatory agents like Mitragyna speciosa further illustrates the fragmented approach to healthcare management.

This fragmentation represents a fundamental challenge in integrating evidence-based modern medicine with traditional practices, ultimately hindering comprehensive patient care and optimal health outcomes.

All the authors from Indonesia and India