Medical and Health Science Journal

Meningioma with Hyperostosis: A Clinical Review up to Acrylic Cranioplasty Reconstruction in 3 Cases

Khamim Tohari — 2024-03-01

Meningioma is a type of tumor that commonly occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Hyperostosis can occur in meningiomas. Hyperostosis is a condition in which the bone surrounding a meningioma thickens abnormally. Although hyperostosis is usually benign, leaving a small portion of bone that still has hyperostosis can increase the risk of recurrence. The case report was carried out by reviewing 3 medical records of meningioma sufferers with hyperostosis.

Application of enzymes in drug discovery research: A Review

Muhammad Akram — 2024-05-17

Enzymes have effectively substituted many conventional chemical catalysts-reliant pharmaceutical drug manufacturing procedures. From this v-prospect, the use of enzymes in drug discovery research is quite encouraging. Numerous enzymes have been demonstrated to perform detoxification at the cellular level, for instance, the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These enzymes work simultaneously to neutralize oxygen-free radical species. The enzyme-mediated pharmaceutical procedures include the synthesis of diverse semi-artificial antibiotics, dynamic enantiomers of medicines through kinetic determination, production of enantiomerically unadulterated types of amino acids, and others. Enzymes are being used to treat cancer and infectious disorders where antibiotics are no longer effective because of antibiotic resistance. Thus, the present article aims to review the diverse use of enzymes in the drug industries and discuss the features of enzymes that make them suitable drug candidates.

Level of knowledge and awareness among parents regarding the care of children with thalassaemia

Johari Daud Makajil — 2024-05-17

Background This study assessed parental knowledge and awareness of children with thalassemia. Thalassemia care among 65 parents at a Kota Kinabalu hospital focuses on parental knowledge and awareness of children with thalassemia. The objectives were to identify parents' level of knowledge of thalassemia care and assess their awareness of specific care needs.

Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of the thalassemia families of patients at Likas Women and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Using random sampling. The study involved 65 respondents from Sabah Women and Children in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Data from questionnaires and tests were processed using SPSS version 24, with descriptive statistics analysing frequency and percentage, expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Results Most respondents had a high level of knowledge about thalassemia, an inherited disease caused by insufficient red blood cell supply. They understood that untreated conditions could deteriorate thalassemia patients but could lead normal lives with proper therapy. They also knew that thalassemia could be detected through blood tests and that blood donation could be beneficial. However, they had moderate knowledge of the connection between thalassemia and anaemia, blood transfusions as the only treatment, and their ability to identify and avoid thalassemia during pregnancy.

Conclusion This study emphasises the need for education, community engagement, and healthcare involvement to enhance the understanding and support of individuals with thalassemia, suggesting that comprehensive strategies, including education programs and collaborations with local organisations, can be implemented.

Maternal and Infant Mortality Rates’s Contributing Factors Description and Its Prevention in Kencong Healthcare Center, Jember Regency : A Descriptive Study

Dita Diana Parti — 2024-05-21

Background: Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) are two of the indicators on the success of health programs in Indonesia. Jember has become the district with the highest rate of maternal and infant deaths throughout 2020-2021.

Methods: This research assessed the contributing factors of MMR and IMR in Puskesmas Kencong, Jember Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design. Data in this study were taken by conducting interviews to fill out questionnaires to mothers who had given birth at least once and the Coordinating Midwife and Head Midwife of PONED (Basic Emergency Neonatal Obstetrics Services) at the Puskesmas Kencong. Then the data from the questionnaires and interviews will be processed and then explained in the narrative.

Results:. Based on data from questionnaires filled out by 37 respondents, as well as questions posed to the midwife, Puskesmas Kencong has fulfilled the requirements needed as a PONED Health Center according to PONED Guidelines.

Conclusion: The PONED Health Center at Kencong Health Center has a low prevalence of MMR and IMR.

Association of endothelial nitric oxyde synthase (eNOS) levels and modifiable risk factors for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (AMI-STE)

Denada Florencia Leona — 2024-05-21

Background. The pathological process underlying myocardial infarction is atherosclerotic thrombosis that causes endothelial dysfunction. In the AMI-STE process, eNOS has functions as the body's defense mechanism to prevent more severe damage to the endothelium. Decreased eNOS levels were found in modifiable AMI risk factors. This study aimed to determine the association of eNOS levels based on modifiable risk factors for AMI-STE patients.

Method. This study was an analytical observational study with a historical cohort design. The samples were patients with AMI-STE diagnosis who had undergone PPCI at M. Djamil Hospital Padang from March to June 2022. The eNOS levels were taken from the blood samples. Modifiable AMI risk factors were taken from patient’s medical record. The T test was carried out to determine statistical analysis.

Results. The average age of the 38 subjects was 62.53 ± 8.2 years, and 92.1% among them were male, and 52.6% subjects were diagnosed with anterior AMI-STE. The average eNOS level in subjects was 47.47 ± 23.88 (normal level is 48.16 pg/mL). More than half (73.5%) of the subjects in low eNOS group had diabetes mellitus as risk factor (P<0.0001) and most subjects (78.9%) in group with low eNOS had hypertension (p=0.022). Other risk factors, namely dyslipidemia and smoking, were also more common in group with low eNOS. However, statistical tests showed that there was no statistically association between eNOS levels with dyslipidemia and smoking.

Conclusion. There was statistically significant association between eNOS levels with diabetes mellitus and hypertension as modifiable risk factors for AMI-STE.

Health Care Access and Equity Among Migrants: A Literature Review

Zilvi Fuadiyah Nur — 2024-05-24

Background: Health inequality often occurs among disadvantaged population groups, including migrants. Currently, the migrant population does not always receive adequate health services. In addition, the health care system is not optimized for migrants, especially in terms of language, access, genomic data and the expertise of medical personnel. The health condition of these migrants is a global problem that needs attention if countries want to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets by 2030.

Purpose: to map the latest existing research on the topic of migrant health, both qualitative and quantitative.

Methods: narrative literature review and literature search were carried out using an electronic database with the automatic selection feature used in the electronic database according to the specified inclusion criteria.

Results: Obtained an overview of inequality in [1] access to health services for migrants in general, [2] utilization of health services and health-seeking behavior, [3] health literacy, [4] health services related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and [5] maternal and child health services. All authors agree on this division of groups.

Conclusion: Migrants who do not have documents or are illegal, skin color (black migrants) who migrate to western countries, languages that are not the same, and do not understand their own health conditions due to lack of health education due to language barriers, these factors are obstacles for migrants to achieve equality in countries where migrants have migrated.

Comparison Between Hypnoanesthesia and Local Anesthesia in Minor Surgery

Ihyan Amri — 2024-05-24

Background: Hypnoanesthesia is a state of anesthesia achieved through hypnosis techniques. Meanwhile, local anesthesia is anesthesia carried out by injecting local anesthetic drugs in or around the surgical site which causes temporary obstruction to the conduction of afferent impulses.

Objective: This research was conducted to prove that there is no difference between hypnoanesthesia and local anesthesia in minor surgical procedures, with the indication of pain relief.

Methods: The research subjects were patients with benign soft tissue tumors consisting of 40 people who were divided into 2 groups, namely treatment and control. Minor surgical procedures with hypnoanesthesia were performed in the treatment group, while in the control group, minor surgical procedures were performed with local anesthesia using 2% lidocaine. Pain is measured with FPS (Face Pain Scale) and monitored with a vital sign monitor. The intervention process was recorded with camcorder video. Changes in serum levels of excitatory neurotransmitters (Glutamic Acid and Substance P) and inhibitory (Beta Endorphin, Enkephalin, and Serotonin) before and after intervention were analyzed using ELISA (Enzym-Link Immunosorbent Assay) in both groups.

Results: In the treatment group, it was discovered that patients did not feel pain after undergoing hypnoanesthesia intervention by providing suggestions for the relief of pain in the area where surgery would be performed. In the control group, patients also did not feel pain after local anesthetic intervention in the area to be operated on. However, the results of research and statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference in changes in Beta Endorphins, Enkephalin, and Serotonin as inhibitory neurotransmitters (p > 0.05) or Glutamic Acid and Substance P as excitatory neurotransmitters (p > 0.05) before and after the intervention in both groups of research subjects.

Conclusion: the results of this study show that there is no significant difference between the treatment and control groups, they have equality in the final result, namely the relief of pain.

Complete Heart Block Secondary To Leptospirosis: A Case Report

Muhammad Syafiq bin Mohammad Isa — 2024-05-24

Complete heart block (CHB) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of leptospirosis, a zoonotic bacterial infection caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. While leptospirosis primarily affects the kidneys and liver, cardiac involvement, including CHB, can occur and has significant clinical implications. The pathogenesis of CHB in leptospirosis is multifactorial and may involve direct cardiac invasion by Leptospira organisms, systemic inflammatory response, autoimmune reactions, electrolyte imbalances, and hemodynamic effects. Prompt recognition and management of CHB are essential to prevent adverse outcomes, including hemodynamic instability and sudden cardiac death. Treatment strategies include supportive measures such as hemodynamic support and correction of electrolyte imbalances, temporary pacing for symptomatic bradycardia, antibiotic therapy for the underlying infection, and consideration of permanent pacemaker implantation in refractory cases. Cardiac manifestations may include myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, conduction blocks and cardiac failure. We are reporting a case of leptospirosis causing complete heart block in a previously healthy young gentleman.