Prevalence of Trichomoniasis in Cervical Cancer Patients
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Backgroud: Trichomoniasis is the most frequent non-viral sexually transmitted disease in the world, and it can lead to persistent HPV infection. Trichomonas vaginalis infection causes damage to the vaginal mucosa, activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins, and production of non-specific oxidants that lead to cervical cancer. This study aims to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis in cervical cancer patients.
Methods: This study uses systematic literature review method and uses 10 international journals obtained through machine learning and indexed in Scimago. Journals are screened through PRISMA and have gone through a critical appraisal process.This study took place from April to September 2021.
Results: The prevalence of trichomoniasis in cervical cancer patients ranged from 0.022% to 87.7%, according to the findings of this study. The prevalence results vary due to differences in demographics and diagnostic methods used. Statistical analysis of the association between trichomoniasis and cervical cancer varied between significant and insignificant. Differences in the association are influenced by the research design used, diagnostic methods, and sample of the research.
Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that the prevalence of trichomoniasis in cervical cancer patients was discovered to be the highest in the study by Ghosh et al. in Kolkata, India (72.6% women with CIN 1, 71.0% women with CIN 2 or CIN 3, and 87.7% women with invasive cancer) and the lowest in the study by Su et al. in Taiwan (0.022%). The association between trichomoniasis and cervical cancer was found to be varied.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2022 Luh Putu Diah Ayuning, Risma, Prawesty Diah Utami
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Stebut EV. Leishmaniasis and Other Protozoan Infection. In: Sewon K, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, et al. (eds) Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2019, p. 3243.
CDC. Parasites - Neglected Parasitic Infections (NPIs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017; 1.
Achdiat PA, Dwiyana RF, Feriza V, et al. Prevalence Of Trichomoniasis In Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Population In Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Indones J Trop Infect Dis 2019; 7: 59.
Flagg EW, Meites E, Phillips C, et al. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Among Civilian, Noninstitutionalized Male and Female Population Aged 14 to 59 Years: United States, 2013 to 2016. Sex Transm Dis 2019; 46: 2–3.
Van Der Pol B. Trichomonas vaginalis. In: Singh SK (ed) Diagnostics to Pathogenomics of Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2018, p. 342.
Leitsch D. Recent Advances in the Trichomonas vaginalis Field. F1000Research 2016; 5: 2.
World Health Organization. Cervical Cancer. 2018; 1. [cited 2021 May 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health- topics/cervical-cancer#tab=tab_1
Yang, M., Li, L., Jiang, C. et al. Co infection with trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2–3 among HPV16 positive female: a large population-based study. BMC Infect Dis 20, 642 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020- 05349-0
Belfort, I., Cunha, A., Mendes, F., Galvão- Moreira, L. V., Lemos, R. G., de Lima Costa, L. H., Monteiro, P., Ferreira, M. B., Dos Santos, G., Costa, J. L., de Sá Ferreira, A., Brito, L., Brito, L., Vidal, F., & Monteiro, S. (2021). Trichomonas vaginalis as a risk factor for human papillomavirus: a study with women undergoing cervical cancer screening in a northeast region of Brazil. BMC women's health, 21(1), 174. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021- 01320-6
Raffone, A., Travaglino, A., Mascolo, M., Carotenuto, C., Guida, M., Mollo, A., Insabato, L., & Zullo, F. (2020). Histopathological characterization of ProMisE molecular groups of endometrial cancer. Gynecologic oncology, 157(1), 252–259.
Su, R. Y., Ho, L. J., Yang, H. Y., Chung, C. H., Yang, S. S., Cheng, C. Y., Chien, W. C., & Lin, H. C. (2020). Association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical lesions: a population-based, nested case-control study in Taiwan. Parasitology research, 119(8), 2649–2657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020- 06759-4
Cunha APA, Belfort IKP, Mendes FPB, et al. Human papillomavirus and Its Association with Other Sexually Transmitted Coinfection among Sexually Active Women from the Northeast of Brazil. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2020; 2020: 2.
Tompkins EL, Beltran TA, Gelner EJ, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection among adults in the U.S., 2013–2014. PLoS One 2020; 15: 7.
Dey S, Pahwa P, Mishra A, et al. Reproductive Tract infections and Premalignant Lesions of Cervix: Evidence from Women Presenting at the Cancer Detection Centre of the Indian Cancer Society, Delhi, 2000–2012. J Obstet Gynecol India 2016; 66: 441–451.
Kassandra I, Belfort P, Paula A, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis as a risk factor for human papillomavirus : a study with women undergoing cervical cancer screening in a northeast region of Brazil. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21: 1–8.
Evriarti PR, Yasmon A. Patogenesis Human Papillomavirus (HPV) pada Kanker Serviks. J Biotek Medisiana Indones 2019; 8: 23–32.
Mukanyangezi, M. F., Sengpiel, V., Manzi, O., Tobin, G., Rulisa, S., Bienvenu, E., & Giglio, D. (2018). Screening for human papillomavirus, cervical cytological abnormalities and associated risk factors in HIV-positive and HIV- negative women in Rwanda. HIV medicine, 19(2), 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12564
Tompkins EL, Beltran TA, Gelner EJ, Farmer AR. Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection among adults in the U.S., 2013-2014. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 16;15(6):e0234704. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234704. PMID: 32544192; PMCID: PMC7297358.