The Role Of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth) As An Anti-Inflammatory Agent In Wound Healing In Living Cells
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Eka Satria Akbar Ferdinan Hanafi
Rosandhy Alifyah Pramesti
Muhammad Aqil Siroj Jazuli
Khuzaimah Nur Juhanifah Rihhadatulays
Hotimah Masdan Salim
Ardyarini Dyah Savitri
Abstract
Background: Wound is a condition in which the integrity of body tissue is disrupted, leading to the activation of a complex biological process known as wound healing. This process aims to restore the protective skin barrier, prevent infection, and minimize fluid loss. It involves sequential phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. While inflammation is essential for initiating repair, prolonged or excessive inflammation may delay the healing process. Mitragyna speciosa (Korth) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in various cultures and has been reported to exhibit multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, and wound-healing activities.
Methods: The present systematic review was conducted to identify and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the potential of Mitragyna speciosa extract as a therapeutic agent in wound healing through anti-inflammatory and other biological pathways. Literature searches were performed in ScienceDirect, PubMed, MDPI, DOAJ, and Google Scholar following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results :A total of 1,176 studies were screened, and five experimental studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The findings consistently demonstrated that Mitragyna speciosa extract suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and enzymatic pathways including cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase. In addition, the extract stimulated cell migration, endothelial migration, and angiogenesis, thereby supporting tissue regeneration. Toxicity profiles suggest that the extract is safe at effective concentrations, although responses remain dose-dependent.
Conclusions: Overall, Mitragyna speciosa shows promise as a plant-based therapeutic option for wound healing. Nevertheless, current evidence is limited and largely derived from in vitro studies, indicating the need for more extensive in vivo and clinical investigations.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Satria Akbar Ferdinan Hanafi, Rosandhy Alifyah Pramesti, Muhammad Aqil Siroj Jazuli, Khuzaimah Nur Juhanifah Rihhadatulays, Hotimah Masdan Salim, Ardyarini Dyah Savitri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Agrawal, P., Singh, S., Singh, N., Mishra, G., & Sharma, M. (2024). Molecular Targets for the Novel Therapies of Inflammation and Wound Care. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care. https://doi.org/10.18502/JPC.V12I3.16773
Ahmad, I., Prabowo, W. C., Arifuddin, M., Fadraersada, J., Indriyanti, N., Herman, H., Purwoko, R. Y., Nainu, F., Rahmadi, A., Paramita, S., Kuncoro, H., Mita, N., Narsa, A. C., Prasetya, F., Ibrahim, A., Rijai, L., Alam, G., Mun’im, A., & Dej-Adisai, S. (2022). Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents: From Abuse to Promising Pharmaceutical Products. Life 2022, Vol. 12, Page 193, 12(2), 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/LIFE12020193
Chaniad Id, P., Tewtrakul, S., Sudsai, T., Langyanai, S., & Kaewdana, K. (2020). Anti-inflammatory, wound healing and antioxidant potential of compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera L. bulbils. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243632
Davidson, C., Cao, D., King, T., Weiss, S. T., Wongvisavakorn, S., Ratprasert, N., Trakulsrichai, S., & Srisuma, S. (2021). A comparative analysis of kratom exposure cases in Thailand and the United States from 2010-2017. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 47(1), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2020.1836185
Demick, D. S., Lee, T., Summers, A. T., & El-Mallakh, R. S. (2020). Kratom: A growing substance of abuse in the United States. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists, 32(4), 275–280. https://doi.org/10.12788/ACP.0012
Goyal, G., Kumar, V., Tyagi, H., Varshney, P., Mishra, S. K., & Chauhan, S. (2024). Herbal Remedies in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review of Plants and Non-Clinical Applications. Oriental Journal Of Chemistry, 40(2), 569–579. https://doi.org/10.13005/OJC/400232
Huelsboemer, L., Knoedler, L., Kochen, A., Yu, C. T., Hosseini, H., Hollmann, K. S., Choi, A. E., Stögner, V. A., Knoedler, S., Hsia, H. C., Pomahac, B., & Kauke-Navarro, M. (2024). Cellular therapeutics and immunotherapies in wound healing – on the pulse of time? Military Medical Research 2024 11:1, 11(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40779-024-00528-5
Lestari, T., Lestari, T., Syukur, S., Revilla, G., Rita, R. S., & Rustini, R. (2023). The Burn Wound Healing Process : A Review. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 40(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v40.1.5565
Mahmoud, N. N., Hamad, K., Al Shibitini, A., Juma, S., Sharifi, S., Gould, L., & Mahmoudi, M. (2024). Investigating Inflammatory Markers in Wound Healing: Understanding Implications and Identifying Artifacts. ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, 7(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSPTSCI.3C00336
Mills, S. J., Hofma, B. R., & Cowin, A. J. (2020). Pathophysiology of Wound Healing. Mechanisms of Vascular Disease, 541–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43683-4_25
Nazarnezhad, S., Kargozar, S., & Hamblin, M. R. (2022). Skin wound healing: The critical role of angiogenesis. Biomaterials for Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis, 439–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821867-9.00022-6
Rahmawati, S. I., Indriani, D. W., Ningsih, F. N., Hardhiyuna, M., Firdayani, F., Ahmadi, P., Rosyidah, A., Septiana, E., Dharmayanti, N. L. P. I., Bayu, A., & Putra, M. Y. (2024). Dual anti-inflammatory activities of COX-2/5-LOX driven by kratom alkaloid extracts in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79229-x
Salim, H. M., Choirotussanijjah, Awwalia, E. S., & Alam, I. P. (2022). Anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of Mitragyna speciosa methanol extract on λ-karagenan-induced inflammation model. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1172–1175. https://doi.org/10.15562/BMJ.V11I3.3535
Sjamsuhidajat, R., et al. (2017). Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah: Masalah, pertimbangan klinis bedah, dan metode pembedahan (Edisi ke-4, Vol. 1). Jakarta: EGC.
Tohar, N., Shilpi, J. A., Sivasothy, Y., Ahmad, S., & Awang, K. (2019). Chemical
constituents and nitric oxide inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts from Mitragyna speciosa leaves. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12(3), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.005
Tuntiyasawasdikul, S., Junlatat, J., Tabboon, P., Limpongsa, E., & Jaipakdee, N. (2024). Mitragyna speciosa ethanolic extract: Extraction, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and transdermal delivery assessments. Industrial Crops and Products, 208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117909
Voza, F., Liu, Z.-J., & Velazquez, O. C. (2024). Angiogenesis in Wound Healing. Encyclopedia of the Eye, 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13820-1.00019-0
Wang, M., Xu, C., Wang, D., Lu, J., Wang, A., & Zhou, Q. (2024). Analysis of Current Trends in Angiogenesis Research for Wound Healing: A Bibliometric Study from 2013 to 2023. Heliyon, 10(12), e32311–e32311. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E32311
Xu, Z., Liang, B., Tian, J., & Wu, J. (2021). Anti-inflammation biomaterial platforms for chronic wound healing. Biomaterials Science, 9(12), 4388–4409. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1BM00637A
Zakaria, F., Mohamad Anuar, N. N., Nor Hisam, N. S., Tan, J. K., Zakaria, F., Mohd Fauzi, S. M., Abdul Rahman, M. B., & Ashari, S. E. (2023). An investigation of the in vitro wound healing potential of Mitragyna speciosa ((Korth).) Havil leaf ultrasound-assisted methanol crude extract and fractions. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102707
Zhao, R., Liang, H., Clarke, E., Jackson, C., & Xue, M. (2016). Inflammation in Chronic Wounds. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2016, Vol. 17, Page 2085, 17(12), 2085. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS17122085