Antibacterial Activity Test of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) Against Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Background: Asia is one of the regions with the highest prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) have been proven to have antibacterial potential with their active compound content, namely essential oils, phenols, chavicol, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and steroids so it is necessary to investigate whether betel leaf extract has an effect on Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of green betel leaf extract on the growth of MSSA.  Methods: This research is a descriptive experimental study regarding the antibacterial activity test of green betel leaf extract against MSSA. The MSSA bacteria used were bacterial preparations in the Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University. Green betel leaf extract was obtained from Batu City in 2023. The antibacterial activity test technique used was the dilution test. Results: In the dilution test, for the growth of MSSA, in tubes with concentrations of 800 mg/mL, 600 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL appear clear indicates that there is no growth of germs. At a concentration of 50 mg/mL it appears cloudy which indicates the growth of germs. The results obtained for the growth of MSSA on agar plates were at concentrations of 800 mg/mL, 600 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, and 200 mg/mL, there was no growth of germs. Meanwhile, at concentrations of 100 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, the growth of MSSA germs was found Conclusions: The conclusion of this research is that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of green betel leaf extract against MSSA is 100 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of green betel leaf extract against MSSA is 200 mg/mL. Further research is needed on the antibacterial activity of green betel leaf extract against other bacterial species that are resistant to many drugs.