Levin’s Conservation Model And Unpleasant Symptoms Theory In Nursing Care Of Pregnant Women With Preeklamsia : A Case Study LEVINE’S CONSERVATION MODEL AND UNPLEASANT SYMPTOMS THEORY IN NURSING CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA : A CASE STUDY
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystem complication that occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and may cause maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal death in many countries.A case studywith the application of Levine’s Conservation and unpleasant symptoms theory on the nursing process of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia.Levine’s conservation theory allows individuals to adapt in order to maintain their integrity with conservation as the final result. The main focus of conservation is a balance between supply and demand of energy, in order to preserve all aspects of individual wholeness.While the unpleasant symptom theory is applied in reducing the symptoms of discomfort by increasing the understanding of aset of symptoms of discomfort from various contexts and providing useful information as well asteaching about the negative effects of them.
Keywords: Preeclampsia, Levine’s conservation, Unpleasant symptoms
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Evi, N., Rachmawati, I., & Budiarti, T. (2020). Levin’s Conservation Model And Unpleasant Symptoms Theory In Nursing Care Of Pregnant Women With Preeklamsia : A Case Study: LEVINE’S CONSERVATION MODEL AND UNPLEASANT SYMPTOMS THEORY IN NURSING CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA : A CASE STUDY. Journal of Health Sciences, 13(01), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v13i01.556
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Copyright (c) 2020 Nurul Evi, ImamiNur Rachmawati, Tri Budiarti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Preeclampsia, Levine’s conservation, Unpleasant symptoms
References
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Anggraini, D. G., Tamela, P., & Fitrayeni. (2014). Faktor Risiko Kejadian Preeklampsia Pada Ibu Hamil Di RSUP DR.M. Djamil Padang, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas, 38–44.
Badan Litbangkes. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010. Badan penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (Balitbangkes) Kementerian Kesehatan republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI), Jakarta, 2010.
Bujold E, Roberge S, Lacasse Y, et al. 2010. prevention of preeklampsia and intrauterin growth restriction with aspirin started in earlt pregnancy : meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2010 Aug; 116 (2pt 1) : 402-14.
Bhasavanthappa, B T. (2007). Nursing Theories. New Delhi : JBMP.
Chobanian AV. (2004). Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. 10 Mei 2014. http:www.nhlbi.gov/resources/docs/cht-book.htm.
Cobb, S. E (2007). Structural equation model exercise in women utilizing the theory of unpleasant symptoms and social variables. proquest dissertation.
Dasgupta K, Quinn RR, Zarnke KB, et al. The 2014 Canadian Hypertension Education Program Recomendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosist, assesment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2014 May; 30 (5):485-501.
Doherty, D. A., Magann, E. F., Francis, J., Morrison, J. C., & Newnham, J. P. (2006). Pre-pregnancy body mass index and pregnancy outcomes. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 95 (3), 242–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.06.021
Dssursuldwh, O., Fduh, S., Revhuydwlrq, Z., Rxwfrphv, S., Pruelglw, V. P., & Pru, D. Q. G. (2013). Hypertension in Pregnancy, 122(5), 1122–1131.
Duley L, Gulmezoglu AM, Henderson_Smart DJ, et al. Magnesium sulfate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eklampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (11) : CD000025.
Evidence, N. H. S., & Practice, C. (2015). Hypertension in pregnancy. Lancet, 2(7933), 487–489. doi:S0140-6736(75)90552-8 [pii]
Easterling, T. R. (2014). Pharmacological management of hypertension in pregnancy. Seminars in Perinatology, 38(8), 487–495. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.08.016
El-Gilany AH, & Hammad S. (2012). Obstetric outcomes of teenagers and older mothers: experience from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 4(6): 903.
Gift, A. (2004). Unpleasant symptoms. In T. S. Bredow (Ed), Middle range theories : application to nursing research (pp. 78-94). Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah AN, et al. (Calcium suplementation during pregnancy for prefenting hypertensive disorder and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 6 : CD001059.
Hsiao, Chao-Pin. (2008). stress, symptoms, symptoms dstress and symptom self management in localized prostate cancer. disertation of the university of arizona.
Isworo, A., Hakimi, M., & TA, W. (2012). Hubungan antara Kecemasan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia Di Kabupaten Banyumas Jawa Tengah. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 28(1), 9–19.
Kasawara, K. T., Nascimento, S. L. Do, Costa, M. L., Surita, F. G., & E Silva, J. L. P. (2012). Exercise and physical activity in the prevention of pre-eclampsia: Systematic review. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91(11), 1147–1157. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01483.x
Keman. K, Prasetyorini. N, Langgar. M. J. (2009, Juli). Perbandingan Ekspresi p53, Bcl-2, dan indeks apoptosis trofoblas pada preeklamsia / eklamsia dan kehamilan normal. Majalah Obstetri Ginekologi Indonesia, 151-159.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2012). Pusat Data dan Informasi Profil kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Rencana Aksi Percepatan Penurunan AKI 2013-2015. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2012). Pusat Data dan Informasi Profil kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Buku Saku : Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu di Fasilitas Kesehatan Dasar dan Rujukan. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kurki T et. al. Depression and Anxiety in Early Pregnancy and Risk for Preeclampsia.2000. Avaliable from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed. Diakses pada tanggal 6 Juni 2016.
Lenz, E R & Pugh, L C. (2008). Theory of unpleasant symptoms. dalam Smith, M J & Liehr, P R. (Ed) Middle Range Theory for Nursing (pp 159-182). 2nd Ed. New York : Springer Pulishing Company.
Lenz, E.R., Pugh, L.C., Milligan, R. A., Gift, A., & Suppe. F. (1997). The middle range theori of unpleasant symptoms : an update. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 19(3), 14-27.
Lenz, E. R., Suppe, F., Gift, A. G., Pugh, L. C., &Milligan, R. A. (1995). Collaborative development of middle - range nursing theories : toward a theory of unpleasant symptoms. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 17(3), 1-13.
Liehr, patricia. (2005). Looking at symptoms with a middle - range theory lens. Proceedings. 3.5 : 152-157.
Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion. (2013). Keperawatan maternitas. Singapore : Elsevier mosby.
Magee LA, Pels A, Helewa M, et al., (2014). On behalf of the Canadian Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP)Working Group.Diagnosis, evaluation and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens;4:105-45.
Magee, L. A., Pels, A., Student, M., Bujold, E., Anne-marie, C., Douglas, M. J., … Sebbag, I. (2015). Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ( 29 . 3 ) Andr e, 29. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.001
Mccarthy, F., & Kenny, L. C. (2015). Hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 25(8), 229–235. doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2015.05.004
Moroz, L. A., Simpson, L. L., & Rochelson, B. (2015). Management of severe hypertension in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol, 1–7. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.11.017
Myers, J S (2009). A Comparison of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms and the Conceptual Model of Chemotherapy-Related Changes in Cognitive Function. Oncology Nursing Forum. Vol. 36, No. 1. E1-E10.
National Health Standard. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2010). Hypertension in pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Clin Guideline. 29 : 163–79.
Nishimoto, F., Sakata, M., Minekawa, R., Okamoto, Y., Miyake, A., Isobe, A., et al. (2009). Metal transcription factor-I is involved in hypoxia-dependent regulation of placenta growth factor in trophoblast-derived cells. Endocrinology. 150 : 1801-1808.
Paramita, T. F & Martini S. (2012). Hubungan antara gaya hidup selama masa kehamilan dan kejadian preeklampsia. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health. Vol 8. No 3 Maret 2012. 122-125.
Parker, M. E. (2005). Nursing theories and nursing practice. Philadelphia : F. A. Davis Company.
Persatuan Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia. (2010). Panduan Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi Dalam Kehamilan. Jakarta : HKFM POGI.
Reeder, S.J., Martin. L.L., & Griffin, D.K. (2012). Keperawatan Maternitas : kesehatan perempuan, bayi dan keluarga. Alih bahasa : Yati A., Imami N.R., Sri D. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Roberts et al. (2013). Hipertension in pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol; 122; 1122-31.
SeonAe Yeo. (2010). Prenatal Stretching exercise and autnomic responses : preliminary data and a model for reducing preeklampsia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 42 :, 113-121.
Sibai, Baha M. (2010). Induction Of LabourImproves Maternal Outcome ComparedWith Expectant Monitoring In WomenWith Gestational Hypertension Or MildPre-Eclampsia. Evidence Based Medicine,Vol. 15 (1): 11-12.
Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist of Canada. (2008). Diagnosis evaluation and management of the hipertensive disosders of pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric Gynaecologiy canada. 30 (3) : s1- s6.
Sumanti. N., Noormartany., Alamsyah. M., & Rostini. T. (2013). Kadar asam urat serum sebagai biomarker preeklamsia. MKB. 45 (2) : 98-104.
Tomey, A. M, & Alligood, M. R. (20100. Nursing Theory and their Work. (7th Ed). Maryland Heights, Missouri : Mosby Elsevier.
Tragea, C., Chrousos, G. P., Alexopoulos, E. C., & Darviri, C. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of the effects of a stress management programme during pregnancy. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2014.01.006
World Health Organization. (2014). Maternal and Reproductive Health. WHO press : Genewa.
World Health Organization. (2011). WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. WHO press : Genewa.
WHO Study Group. (2007). The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. WHO technical report series no 758. Geneva: World Health Organitation.
Anggraini, D. G., Tamela, P., & Fitrayeni. (2014). Faktor Risiko Kejadian Preeklampsia Pada Ibu Hamil Di RSUP DR.M. Djamil Padang, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas, 38–44.
Badan Litbangkes. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010. Badan penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (Balitbangkes) Kementerian Kesehatan republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI), Jakarta, 2010.
Bujold E, Roberge S, Lacasse Y, et al. 2010. prevention of preeklampsia and intrauterin growth restriction with aspirin started in earlt pregnancy : meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2010 Aug; 116 (2pt 1) : 402-14.
Bhasavanthappa, B T. (2007). Nursing Theories. New Delhi : JBMP.
Chobanian AV. (2004). Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. 10 Mei 2014. http:www.nhlbi.gov/resources/docs/cht-book.htm.
Cobb, S. E (2007). Structural equation model exercise in women utilizing the theory of unpleasant symptoms and social variables. proquest dissertation.
Dasgupta K, Quinn RR, Zarnke KB, et al. The 2014 Canadian Hypertension Education Program Recomendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosist, assesment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2014 May; 30 (5):485-501.
Doherty, D. A., Magann, E. F., Francis, J., Morrison, J. C., & Newnham, J. P. (2006). Pre-pregnancy body mass index and pregnancy outcomes. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 95 (3), 242–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.06.021
Dssursuldwh, O., Fduh, S., Revhuydwlrq, Z., Rxwfrphv, S., Pruelglw, V. P., & Pru, D. Q. G. (2013). Hypertension in Pregnancy, 122(5), 1122–1131.
Duley L, Gulmezoglu AM, Henderson_Smart DJ, et al. Magnesium sulfate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eklampsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (11) : CD000025.
Evidence, N. H. S., & Practice, C. (2015). Hypertension in pregnancy. Lancet, 2(7933), 487–489. doi:S0140-6736(75)90552-8 [pii]
Easterling, T. R. (2014). Pharmacological management of hypertension in pregnancy. Seminars in Perinatology, 38(8), 487–495. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.08.016
El-Gilany AH, & Hammad S. (2012). Obstetric outcomes of teenagers and older mothers: experience from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health. 4(6): 903.
Gift, A. (2004). Unpleasant symptoms. In T. S. Bredow (Ed), Middle range theories : application to nursing research (pp. 78-94). Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah AN, et al. (Calcium suplementation during pregnancy for prefenting hypertensive disorder and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 6 : CD001059.
Hsiao, Chao-Pin. (2008). stress, symptoms, symptoms dstress and symptom self management in localized prostate cancer. disertation of the university of arizona.
Isworo, A., Hakimi, M., & TA, W. (2012). Hubungan antara Kecemasan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia Di Kabupaten Banyumas Jawa Tengah. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 28(1), 9–19.
Kasawara, K. T., Nascimento, S. L. Do, Costa, M. L., Surita, F. G., & E Silva, J. L. P. (2012). Exercise and physical activity in the prevention of pre-eclampsia: Systematic review. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91(11), 1147–1157. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01483.x
Keman. K, Prasetyorini. N, Langgar. M. J. (2009, Juli). Perbandingan Ekspresi p53, Bcl-2, dan indeks apoptosis trofoblas pada preeklamsia / eklamsia dan kehamilan normal. Majalah Obstetri Ginekologi Indonesia, 151-159.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2012). Pusat Data dan Informasi Profil kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Rencana Aksi Percepatan Penurunan AKI 2013-2015. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2012). Pusat Data dan Informasi Profil kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Buku Saku : Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu di Fasilitas Kesehatan Dasar dan Rujukan. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kurki T et. al. Depression and Anxiety in Early Pregnancy and Risk for Preeclampsia.2000. Avaliable from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed. Diakses pada tanggal 6 Juni 2016.
Lenz, E R & Pugh, L C. (2008). Theory of unpleasant symptoms. dalam Smith, M J & Liehr, P R. (Ed) Middle Range Theory for Nursing (pp 159-182). 2nd Ed. New York : Springer Pulishing Company.
Lenz, E.R., Pugh, L.C., Milligan, R. A., Gift, A., & Suppe. F. (1997). The middle range theori of unpleasant symptoms : an update. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 19(3), 14-27.
Lenz, E. R., Suppe, F., Gift, A. G., Pugh, L. C., &Milligan, R. A. (1995). Collaborative development of middle - range nursing theories : toward a theory of unpleasant symptoms. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 17(3), 1-13.
Liehr, patricia. (2005). Looking at symptoms with a middle - range theory lens. Proceedings. 3.5 : 152-157.
Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion. (2013). Keperawatan maternitas. Singapore : Elsevier mosby.
Magee LA, Pels A, Helewa M, et al., (2014). On behalf of the Canadian Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP)Working Group.Diagnosis, evaluation and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens;4:105-45.
Magee, L. A., Pels, A., Student, M., Bujold, E., Anne-marie, C., Douglas, M. J., … Sebbag, I. (2015). Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ( 29 . 3 ) Andr e, 29. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.001
Mccarthy, F., & Kenny, L. C. (2015). Hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 25(8), 229–235. doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2015.05.004
Moroz, L. A., Simpson, L. L., & Rochelson, B. (2015). Management of severe hypertension in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol, 1–7. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.11.017
Myers, J S (2009). A Comparison of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms and the Conceptual Model of Chemotherapy-Related Changes in Cognitive Function. Oncology Nursing Forum. Vol. 36, No. 1. E1-E10.
National Health Standard. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2010). Hypertension in pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Clin Guideline. 29 : 163–79.
Nishimoto, F., Sakata, M., Minekawa, R., Okamoto, Y., Miyake, A., Isobe, A., et al. (2009). Metal transcription factor-I is involved in hypoxia-dependent regulation of placenta growth factor in trophoblast-derived cells. Endocrinology. 150 : 1801-1808.
Paramita, T. F & Martini S. (2012). Hubungan antara gaya hidup selama masa kehamilan dan kejadian preeklampsia. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health. Vol 8. No 3 Maret 2012. 122-125.
Parker, M. E. (2005). Nursing theories and nursing practice. Philadelphia : F. A. Davis Company.
Persatuan Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia. (2010). Panduan Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi Dalam Kehamilan. Jakarta : HKFM POGI.
Reeder, S.J., Martin. L.L., & Griffin, D.K. (2012). Keperawatan Maternitas : kesehatan perempuan, bayi dan keluarga. Alih bahasa : Yati A., Imami N.R., Sri D. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
Roberts et al. (2013). Hipertension in pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol; 122; 1122-31.
SeonAe Yeo. (2010). Prenatal Stretching exercise and autnomic responses : preliminary data and a model for reducing preeklampsia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 42 :, 113-121.
Sibai, Baha M. (2010). Induction Of LabourImproves Maternal Outcome ComparedWith Expectant Monitoring In WomenWith Gestational Hypertension Or MildPre-Eclampsia. Evidence Based Medicine,Vol. 15 (1): 11-12.
Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist of Canada. (2008). Diagnosis evaluation and management of the hipertensive disosders of pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric Gynaecologiy canada. 30 (3) : s1- s6.
Sumanti. N., Noormartany., Alamsyah. M., & Rostini. T. (2013). Kadar asam urat serum sebagai biomarker preeklamsia. MKB. 45 (2) : 98-104.
Tomey, A. M, & Alligood, M. R. (20100. Nursing Theory and their Work. (7th Ed). Maryland Heights, Missouri : Mosby Elsevier.
Tragea, C., Chrousos, G. P., Alexopoulos, E. C., & Darviri, C. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of the effects of a stress management programme during pregnancy. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2014.01.006
World Health Organization. (2014). Maternal and Reproductive Health. WHO press : Genewa.
World Health Organization. (2011). WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. WHO press : Genewa.
WHO Study Group. (2007). The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. WHO technical report series no 758. Geneva: World Health Organitation.
