The Role of Angiotensinogen rs699 in Diabetic Nephropathy Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Uncontrolled Postprandial Glucose Levels
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), leading to the highest mortality rate of DM complications. However, its etiology is still questionable. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, and particular genetic susceptibility are associated with DN. Not all patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia suffer DN. Thus, genetic susceptibility may be a risk factor for DN. The genetic variant of angiotensinogen rs699 is known to be associated with the risk of DN with inconsistent results between ethnicities. This study aims to reveal the correlation between the AGT rs699 with the incidence of diabetic nephropathy among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with uncontrolled postprandial glucose levels in the Jambi Malay ethnicity. This study was observational analytic research with a cross-sectional design. It used 48 DNA samples from type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with uncontrolled postprandial glucose levels. The authors took 24 DNA samples from patients with DN and 24 without DN (as a control group). The genotyping method used ARMS-PCR specific for AGT rs699. Subjects with the CT genotype had a lower risk for diabetic nephropathy than the CC genotype, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.247; OR=0.508; 95%CI=0.160-1.607). In addition, subjects with the T allele (p=0.331; OR=0.621; 95%CI-0.237-1.630) had a lower risk for diabetic nephropathy than the C allele, but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, Angiotensinogen rs699 is not a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with uncontrolled postprandial glucose levels in the Jambi Malay ethnicity.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2022 Anggelia Puspasari, Devy Afriyanti, Huntari Harahap, Citra Maharani, Elfiani Elfiani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ahluwalia, T.S. et al. (2009) ‘ACE variants interact with the RAS pathway to confer risk and protection against type 2 diabetic nephropathy’, DNA and Cell Biology, 28(3), pp. 141–150. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.2008.0810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.2008.0810
Bistara, D.N. and Rusdianingseh (2019) ‘The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Controlling Blood Sugar Levels of Client Type 2 DM’, Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (ScientificJournal of Nursing), 5(2), pp. 143–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v5i2.424
Decroli, E. (2019) Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Padang: Pusat Penerbitan Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas.
El‐garawani, I.M. et al. (2021) ‘Angiotensinogen gene missense polymorphisms (Rs699 and rs4762): The association of end‐stage renal failure risk with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in egyptians’, Genes, 12(3), pp. 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12030339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12030339
Elfiani, E. et al. (2020) ‘Plasma levels of the engulfment and cell motility protein-1 are associated with kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy: A single-center pilot study in Indonesia population’, Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(A), pp. 418–422. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4276
Galicia-Garcia, U. et al. (2020) ‘Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17), pp. 1–34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275
International Diabetes Federation (2019) IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th edition, The Lancet. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(55)92135-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(55)92135-8
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2018) ‘Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar’, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, pp. 1–582.
Makuc, J. et al. (2017) ‘Angiotensinogen (AGT) gene missense polymorphisms (rs699 and rs4762) and diabetic nephropathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes mellitus’, Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 17(3), pp. 262–267. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2017.1823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2017.1823
Maqbool, M., Cooper, M.E. and Jandeleit-Dahm, K.A.M. (2018) ‘Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetic Kidney Disease’, Seminars in Nephrology, 38(3), pp. 217–232. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.02.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.02.003
Mihardja, L. et al. (2018) ‘Prevalence of kidney dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors among productive age Indonesian’, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 17(1), pp. 53–61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-018-0338-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-018-0338-6
Nefropati, K. et al. (2018) ‘Darah Perifer Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus’.
Ohishi, M. (2018) ‘Hypertension with diabetes mellitus: Physiology and pathology review-article’, Hypertension Research, 41(6), pp. 389–393. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-018- 0034-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-018-0034-4
Podgórski, P. et al. (2019) ‘Glomerular podocytes in diabetic renal disease’, Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University, 28(12), pp. 1711–1715. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/104534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/104534
Rahimi, Z. (2016) ‘The Role of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy’, Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 40(2), pp. 178–183. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.08.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2015.08.016
Ramalingam, L. et al. (2017) ‘The renin angiotensin system, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in obesity and insulin resistance’, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1863(5), pp. 1106–1114. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.019
Seidu, S., Barrat, J. and Khunti, K. (2020) ‘Clinical update: The important role of dual kidney function testing (ACR and eGFR) in primary care: Identification of risk and management in type 2 diabetes’, Primary Care Diabetes,
(4), pp. 370–375. Available at:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2020.02.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2020.02.006
Tziastoudi, M., Stefanidis, I. and Zintzaras, E. (2020) ‘The genetic map of diabetic nephropathy: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies’, Clinical Kidney Journal, 13(5), pp. 768–781. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/CKJ/SFAA077. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfaa077
Umanath, K. and Lewis, J.B. (2018) ‘Update on Diabetic Nephropathy: Core Curriculum 2018’, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 71(6), pp. 884–895. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.10.026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.10.026
Xue, R. et al. (2017) ‘Mechanistic Insight and Management of Diabetic Nephropathy: Recent Progress and Future Perspective’, Journal of Diabetes Research, 2017. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1839809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1839809
Yako, Y.Y. et al. (2018) ‘Genetic factors contributing to hypertension in African-based populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 20(3), pp. 485–495. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13225
Yamazaki, D., Hitomi, H. and Nishiyama, A. (2018) ‘Hypertension with diabetes mellitus complications review-article’, Hypertension Research, 41(3), pp. 147–156. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-017-0008-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-017-0008-y
