Roflumilast: Review of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor as Asthma Therapy
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways induced reversible obstruction resulting in mortality and morbidity. Roflumilast is a second-generation selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 targeting PDE type 4 isoenzymes, disturbing the breakdown of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and reducing inflammation. However, it has not been recommended for asthma patients because of insufficient evidence from trial results. The search was carried out using the PUBMED online database from 2011 to May 2021. The keywords used in this study were "Asthma" and "Roflumilast" using the Boolean Operator "AND." All articles were published until May 7, 2021. The design of the articles involved in this study was randomized. Selection of research articles was obtained to avoid duplication of articles through title and abstract screening. Next, eligible articles were extracted by reviewing the full text according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, Five articles were used in this paper. Roflumilast can be given per-oral as a single dose or combine with ICS or montelukast. Roflumilast can increase FEV1 and reduce eosinophils, a pathological cause of asthma that induces inflammation in the airways. The side effects of roflumilast are well tolerated in asthma patients, the most common of which include headache, diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, and insomnia
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2021 Rafina Syfridiana, Fauna Herawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Bardin, P. (2015) 'Roflumilast for Asthma: Efficacy Findings in Mechanism of Action Studies', Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
Bateman, E. D. (2015) 'Roflumilast for Asthma: Efficacy Findings in Non-Placebo-Controlled Comparator and Dosing Studies', Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
Bateman, E. D. (2016) 'Combined with Montelukast Versus Montelukast Alone as Add-On Treatment in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma', J Allergy Clin Immunol.
Bodkhe, S. et al. (2020) 'Current insights on clinical efficacy of roflumilast for treatment of COPD, asthma and ACOS', International Immunopharmacology. Elsevier, 88(1), p. 106906. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106906.
Chervinsky, P. et al. (2015) 'Roflumilast for asthma: Safety findings from a pooled analysis of ten clinical studies', Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35, pp. S28–S34. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.11.003.
Global Asthma Network (2018) The Global Asthma Report. Global Asthma Network.
Global Initiative for Asthma (2019) Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Global Initiative for Asthma.
Indonesian Ministry of Health (2008) Asthma Disease Control Guidelines. Jakarta: Indonesian Minister of Health.
Luo, J. (2018) 'Efficacy and Safety of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor in Patients with Asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Respirology, 23, pp. 467–477.
Meltzer, E. O. (2015) 'Roflumilast for Asthma: Efficacy Findings in Placebo-Controlled Studies', Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapy, pp. 1–8.
Ratnawati (2011) 'Editorial: Epidemiology of Asthma', Indonesian Journal of Respirology, (ue 13), p. 5.
Russell, R. E. K. et al. (2013) Managing COPD. London: Springer Healthcare Ltd.
Wedzicha, J. A. (2016) 'Roflumilast: a Review of its Use in the Treatment of COPD', International Journal of COPD, 11, pp. 81–90.
