Effectiveness of the Project–Combine–Eliminate Learning Model in Improving Elementary Students’ Science Process Skills
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Ludfi Arya Wardan
Didit Yulian Kasdriyanto
Khin Mimi Kyaw
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Project-Combine-Eliminate (PCE) learning model in enhancing primary school students’ science process skills. Science process skills are essential competencies that equip students to respond effectively to the demands of 21st-century education. The study employed a quantitative research and development (RD) design involving 194 primary school students in Probolinggo, Indonesia. The development procedure comprised needs analysis, instructional design, expert validation, limited and extensive trials, and effectiveness testing. Researchers systematically developed and refined the PCE learning model through expert appraisal, implementation trials, and empirical evaluation. The validation results demonstrated that the PCE model possessed high levels of construct and content validity. Furthermore, the practicality assessment indicated that the model could be implemented effectively, as reflected by a mean implementation score of 3.68 and high reliability coefficients. The effectiveness analysis further demonstrated substantial improvements in students’ science process skills, as evidenced by higher post-test scores and moderate-to-high N-Gain categories. Overall, the findings suggest that the PCE learning model represents a promising innovative instructional approach for supporting science learning and strengthening students’ scientific competencies in primary education.
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Copyright (c) 1988 Ludfi Arya Wardan, Didit Yulian Kasdriyanto, Khin Mimi Kyaw
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