EFFECTIVENESS OF DIETARY APPROACHES TO STOP HYPERTENSION (DASH) ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AMONG PEOPLE WITH HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES MELLITUS
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Yusiana Vidhiastutik
Indasah
Agustin Widyowati
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are degenerative diseases that increase due to risk factors such as obesity, aging, poor diet, and unhealthy lifestyle.
Objective: The research was to assess the effectiveness of the DASH diet in reducing blood pressure and blood glucose levels in hypertensive and diabetic patients.
Methods: A single-factor quasi-experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest comparison group design was conducted on 36 respondents selected through simple random sampling from 305 Posbindu residents in Setonorejo Village. Data collection involved observation sheets, sphygmomanometers, glucose test kits, and the DASH diet SOP. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and the Kruskal-Wallis Test were used for data analysis.
Results: The DASH diet significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006) and blood glucose levels (p = 0.008). However, only the 2600-calorie DASH diet significantly impacted diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.025), while 1600 and 2000-calorie diets did not (p = 0.083; p = 0.059). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant differences between diet groups for systolic blood pressure (p = 0.319), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.618), and blood glucose levels (p = 0.128).
Conclusions: The DASH diet effectively lowers systolic blood pressure and blood glucose levels, suggesting its potential as a non-pharmacological strategy for managing hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Copyright (c) 2025 Yusiana Vidhiastutik, Indasah, Agustin Widyowati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Nurse and Holistic Care agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the authors' work non-commercially, and although the others' new works must also acknowledge the authors and be non-commercial, they don't have to license their derivative works on the same terms.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Authors can archive pre-print and post-print or publisher's version/PDF.
References
American Diabetes Association. (2024). About Diabetes Common Terms. American Diabetes Association. https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/common-terms#:~:text=Diabetes (diabetes mellitus (MELL-,store blood glucose for energy.
American Diabetes Association [ADA]. (2020). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes–2020 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clinical Diabetes, 38(1), 10–38.
American Diabetes Association [ADA]. (2022). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Supplement 1), S1–S244. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-Sint
American Heart Association [AHA]. (2020). Understanding Blood Pressure Readings. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings
Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., & Obarzanek, E. (2020). The Effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) on Blood Pressure and Insulin Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(9), 841–850.
Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., & Sacks, F. M. (2020). Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(9), 841–851.
Astuti, A. P., Damayanti, D., & Ngadiarti, I. (2021). PENERAPAN ANJURAN DIET DASH DIBANDINGKAN DIET RENDAH GARAM BERDASARKAN KONSELING GIZI TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS LARANGAN UTARA. Gizi Indonesia, 44(1), 109–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v44i1.559
De Boer, I. H., & Bangalore, S. (2020). Diabetes and Hypertension: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1471–1478.
Filippou, C., Thomopoulos, C., Konstantinidis, D., Siafi, E., Tatakis, F., Manta, E., Drogkaris, S., Polyzos, D., Kyriazopoulos, K., Grigoriou, K., Tousoulis, D., & Tsioufis, K. (2023). DASH vs. Mediterranean diet on a salt restriction background in adults with high normal blood pressure or grade 1 hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition, 42(10), 1807–1816. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.011
Jones, M. A., & Patel, R. K. (2021). Impact of the DASH Diet on Hypertension Management: A Randomized Control Trial. Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 23(5), 32–42.
Juraschek, S. P., Chang, A. R., & Appel, L. J. (2021). The Impact of Sodium Reduction and DASH Diet on Glucose Control in Diabetic Patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(5), 1220–1228.
Juraschek, S. P., Miller, E. R., & Chang, A. R. (2021). Effect of Sodium Reduction and the DASH Diet on Blood Pressure in Adults with Hypertension. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 78(7), 694–704.
Juraschek, S. P., Miller, E. R., Weaver, C. M., & Appel, L. J. (2021). Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure in Adults with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Hypertension, 78(6), 1246–1253.
Kim, Y., Je, Y., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2021). Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Insulin Resistance: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2021.
Li, Y., Pan, A., Wang, D. D., Liu, X., & Hu, F. B. (2022). Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic Patients: A Review. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 10(3), 245–258.
Moradi, S., Keshavarz, S. A., & Eghtesad, S. (2021). Effect of DASH Diet on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 20(1), 34–43.
Patel, A., & Juraschek, S. P. (2021). Long-term Effects of the DASH Diet in Reducing Blood Pressure: A Follow-up Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 114(2), 489–498.
Sacks, F. M., Obarzanek, E., Windhauser, M. M., Svetkey, L. P., Vollmer, W. M., & Appel, L. J. (2020). The DASH Diet and Hypertension: Current Update. Hypertension, 75(4), 941–947.
Sacks, F. M., & Svetkey, L. P. (2020). Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): An Overview. Hypertension, 75(4), 941–947.
Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., & Appel, L. J. (2020). The DASH Diet and Blood Pressure Reduction: A Review of the Evidence. Hypertension, 75(4), 941–947.
Salehi-Abargouei, A., Maghsoudi, Z., & Ghiasvand, R. (2021). Effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Nutrition, 40(2), 507–515.
Salehi-Abargouei, A., Maghsoudi, Z., & Ghiasvand, R. (2022). Impact of DASH Diet on Glycemic Control and Risk of Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Nutrition, 41(4), 985–992.
Siervo, M., Lara, J., Chowdhury, S., & Ashor, A. W. (2020). Impact of the DASH Diet on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 111(5), 936–945.
Smith, J. D., & Fuentes, L. F. (2020). DASH Diet and Its Impact on Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients. Journal of Hypertension, 38(10), 1960–1967.
Smith, J. D., Fuentes, L. F., & Yi, S. S. (2020). The DASH Diet and Diastolic Blood Pressure Reduction in Adults with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension, 38(10), 1960–1967.
Vollmer, W. M., Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., Appel, L. J., Obarzanek, E., & Moore, T. J. (2021). The Role of Dietary Patterns in Lowering Blood Pressure. Current Hypertension Reports, 23(7), 2–12.
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., & Himmelfarb, C. D. (2021). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 74(10), e13–e105.
World Health Organization [WHO]. (2023). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/health-topics/hypertension#tab=tab_1
Yancy, C. W., et al. (2021). Comprehensive Hypertension Management in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 23(4), 325–332.
Yoon, S., Kim, J., & Kim, D. J. (2020). The Association between Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus. Hypertension Research, 43(1), 23–28.