Effect of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Prevention Education on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of PKK Cadres in Suruh Kalang, Karanganyar

Endah Sri Wahyuni, Mike Chelsea Maharani, Karisma Dian Rahmawati — Sun, 31 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetic foot ulcers are characterized by a disruption of skin integrity or infection that

may extend to subcutaneous tissue, muscles, tendons, or bone. In Indonesia, the

prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers is approximately 15%, with amputation rates of

around 30% and mortality rates reaching up to 32%. One key strategy for preventing

diabetic foot ulcers is health promotion conducted by community health cadres, who

serve as frontline agents in public health initiatives.

Preventive efforts include proper foot care practices and the implementation of diabetic

foot exercises. The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of healthcare cadres play a

crucial role in the success of both preventive and promotive interventions. Adequate

knowledge supports the formation of positive attitudes, which subsequently encourage

appropriate health behaviours. Structured educational programs that incorporate

lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and pre- and post-intervention evaluations

are effective in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of health cadres.

Evidence from such interventions demonstrates a statistically significant improvement

in these domains (p-value = 0.000). Therefore, the implementation of a sustainable and

continuous education program is essential to strengthen diabetic foot ulcer prevention

efforts by health cadres within the community and to ultimately reduce the incidence of

diabetic foot ulcers

The Effect of Non-Pharmacological Pain Management Using Behavioural Intervention on Pain Scale and Oxygen Saturation Among Preschool Children Undergoing Invasive Procedures

Sun, 31 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Pain during invasive medical procedures is a major stressor for preschool children and

may trigger physiological responses such as oxygen saturation decline due to crying and

anxiety. This study aimed to analyze the effect of behavioural intervention on pain scale

and oxygen saturation in preschool children undergoing intravenous procedures. This

research was conducted using a quasi-experimental post-test only control group design.

A total of 80 children aged 3–6 years undergoing intravenous insertion at RSI Jemursari

Surabaya were selected through purposive sampling and divided equally into

intervention and control groups. Pain intensity was assessed using the FLACC Scale,

while oxygen saturation was measured using a pulse oximeter. Mann–Whitney U test

was used for statistical analysis. The mean pain score in the intervention group (3.44)

was significantly lower than in the control group (7.57). Meanwhile, the mean oxygen

saturation in the intervention group (98%) was higher than in the control group

(94.12%). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between both variables

(p=0.001). Behavioural intervention is effective in reducing pain and preventing oxygen

desaturation in preschool children during invasive procedures. This intervention can be

recommended as a non-pharmacological approach in pediatric nursing practice.