Husband Support Affects Self Efficacy in Pregnant Women During the Covid 19 Pandemic

Received: December, 16, 2020 Revised: August, 3, 2021 Available online: August, 2021 The period of the Covid 19 pandemic is a difficult time for all people, including pregnant women. In undergoing pregnancy, pregnant women must have self-efficacy, and husband support is needed. This paper determines the correlation between husband support and self-efficacy in pregnant women. This study was an analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 52 pregnant women checked at Independent Midwifery Practice (IMP) Nanik Cholid, Sidoarjo, from May to November 2020. Meanwhile, the sample size was 46 respondents by purposive sampling. The independent variable was husband support, and the dependent variable was self-efficacy in pregnant women. The instrument to evaluate husband support was Family Support Questionnaire (FSQ), and to assess self-efficacy was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. Then, data were analyzed with the Spearmen Rank test with a significance (α) of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents had good selfefficacy (91.3%) and received high husband support (65.2%), particularly emotional support (28%). The statistical tests result using the Rank Spearmen test obtained p=0.016 indicating a correlation between husband support and self-efficacy in pregnant women. In conclusion, Husband support increases self-efficacy in pregnant women during the COVID 19 Pandemic. Health workers should educate husbands to provide support to pregnant women during pregnancy.


INTRODUCTION
The COVID-19 pandemic is difficult for all communities, including pregnant women (Röbl-Mathieu et al. 2021). Pregnant women must have self-efficacy to maintain pregnancy conditions to run well, so husband support is needed (Asmuji and Indriyani 2016). Husband support is beneficial in increasing the self-efficacy of pregnant women during their pregnancy during the COVID 19 pandemic, which we know is a difficult time for pregnant women. Good self-efficacy can boost immunity in pregnant women. With good immunity, mothers can be protected from exposure to COVID 19.
Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological and natural processes that every woman will experience.
Ensuring the fetus thrives is pregnant women and their husbands (Widarta et al. 2015). Pregnant women fall into the category of being vulnerable to coronavirus infection. One reason is that they have low immunity due to hormonal changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Therefore, they need to know how to provide proper protection during this pandemic. Research showed that most pregnant women with husband support did not experience anxiety in facing childbirth. A study showed that the most common form of husband support to pregnant women was emotional support, while the minor was informational support (Dwiwanto, Putri, and Sudiadnyani 2021 Husband support is essential because the husband is someone who is closest to the mother. Husband support through direct or indirect assistance to pregnant mother help to avoid Corona infection and motivate her to maintain her health (Abiyoga, Sukirman, and Melida 2019). Husband support is also an effort to give appreciation, motivation and help achieve self-efficacy for pregnant women (Vitasari, Sabrian, and Ernawaty 2018). The husband should motivate pregnant women to do ANC regularly. The pregnant woman has to receive good husband support during her pregnancy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the correlation between husband support and self-efficacy in pregnant women.

METHOD
This study was an analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach. questionnaire with a Likert scale consisting of 15 items. The questionnaire scoring was 1-5 = less, 6-10 = enough, and 11-15 = good. Then, data were analyzed with the Spearmen Rank test with a significance of 0.05.

RESULT
The results in this paper included characteristics of respondents, husband support, self-efficacy in pregnant women, and statistical analysis.   husband support and self-efficacy in pregnant women.

DISCUSSION
The study results showed that most respondents received high husband support (65.2%). Husband support is a source of support that comes from the family environment. The husband helps and supports the activities carried out by his wife and gives encouragement and praise for what his wife does. The husband's role in supporting the success of pregnancy is giving attention, accompanying the mother when doing Ante Natal Care (ANC) to the doctor/midwife, providing support, praising to pregnant mother, and other things that make the wife feel calm (Waryana 2016). Husband support helps create peace of mind and tries to make the mother not stressed.
In this paper, most husbands provided emotional support to pregnant women (28%). It is in line with a study conducted by Dwiwanto, Putri and Sudiadnyani (2021). The study found that most pregnant women in Rajadesa District received support from their husbands (66.1%), especially emotional support (72.9%). Emotional support interprets the husband as a comfortable, safe, and peaceful person. The form of emotional support is by providing motivation and listening to all the complaints of problems faced by mothers (Khadijah and . 2018). The continuous husband support during pregnancy will motivate pregnant women to carry out ANC regularly and always comply with health protocols during the Covid 19 Pandemicwearing masks, washing hands, and keeping a distance. Husband support will reduce anxiety levels and increase self-efficacy in pregnant women.
Almost all pregnant women had good have self-efficacy (91.3%) because the mother gets support from her husband. Giving support to pregnant women significantly affects the mother's confidence in undergoing her pregnancy. In the COVID-19 pandemic, visits to health care facilities for antenatal care can cause anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, husband support is needed to continue visiting health services while complying with health protocols. The limitation of this study was that the research only measures husband support and self-efficacy during pregnancy. It did not evaluate during the delivery process. Future research should investigate the correlation between husband support and self-efficacy in mothers during the delivery process.