International Islamic Medical Journal

Identification of Intestinal Parasites in Spinach at Padamara Market, Padamara District

NABELA PUTRI JANG JAYA — 2024-06-07

Introduction: Vegetables are essential for maintaining human health because they are a great source of vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other nutrients. Most people consume raw vegetables to preserve the nutrients in them. However, raw vegetables have a great potential to spread intestinal parasitic infections. Raw vegetables consumed as fresh vegetables also have the potential to transmit geohelminth infection. Protozoan infections can be transmitted through food and some of these diseases.

Objective: This study aims to identify intestinal parasites in spinach at Padamara Market, Padamara District

Methods: A total sampling technique was used to collect 20 bunches of spinach at Padamara Market, Padamara District, and the identification of intestinal parasites using the 0.2% NaOH sedimentation method was carried out at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto in April–May 2021.

Results: 14 samples (70%) of spinach were positive for intestinal parasites, while 6 samples (30%) were negative for intestinal parasites. The results of intestinal parasite identification found the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs as many as 10 (30.3%), Minute Intestinal Fluke eggs as many as 6 (18.18%), and Entamoeba coli cysts as many as 17 (51.52%).

Conclusions: A. lumbricoides egg, Minute Intestinal Fluke eggs, and E. coli cyst were identified in spinach at Padamara Market, Padamara District

The Relationship of Nutritional Status on Female Santri's Menstrual Cycle in Al-Jihad Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya

Warda Elmaida Rusdi — 2024-07-06

Introduction: Menstruation is triggered by the monthly period, which creates the menstrual cycle. Several factors can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, including stress, smoking, taking hormonal supplements, disorders of the endocrine system, and nutritional deficiencies.

Objective: This research aims to investigate the connection between nutritional status and the period of menstruation in female students at Al-Jihad boarding school in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods: This study was conducted using an analytic observation approach. The research sample was determined using a simple random sampling technique, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set. Questionnaires were used as data collection instruments, and anthropometric examinations were conducted to assess nutritional status and the menstrual cycle. Univariate analysis and bivariate analysis were performed to analyze the data. The chi-square statistical test was used as a bivariate analysis with a p-value <0.05 indicating significant data.

Results: A total of 65 respondents were used in the study because they met the inclusion criteria. Based on the survey results using questionnaires and anthropometric examinations, it was found that 4.6% of female students had an obese nutritional status, 7.7% were obese, and the remaining 87.7% were normal. The menstrual cycle experienced by female students is 27.7% of female students experience an abnormal menstrual cycle, and the other 72.3% have a normal menstrual cycle. Based on the Chi-Square test, the significance value of p = 0.290 means no relationship between nutritional status and the menstrual cycle.

Conclusion: The menstrual cycle in adolescence is not influenced by nutritional status.

Effect of Oral Administration of Mytragina Speciosa on Blood Ketone Level and Glomerular Histology in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Mice

Choirotussanijjah choirotussanijjah — 2024-07-17

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by increased sugar levels that cause serious damage to various organs. Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by a decrease in the patient's consciousness, increased blood sugar levels, and the presence of acidic ketone bodies. It is a serious condition that can cause a coma or even death. Mytragina Speciosa, known as kratom, is a plant often found in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This herb is frequently used as a stimulant to treat fatigue and help improve productivity. Based on previous research, Mytragina Speciosa is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols. These compounds are very useful for inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase and lipase enzymes in the pancreas, so they have a potential effect on diabetes mellitus. However, there has been no research related to the administration of Mytragina Speciosa its effect on blood ketone levels and glomerular diameter.

Objective: to determine whether there is an effect of Mytragina Speciosa on blood ketone levels and glomerular diameter in mice with a diabetes mellitus model.

Methods: Hyperglycemia is induced by Streptozotocin. On the 14th day, the mice will be checked for hyperglycemia and blood ketone levels. Administration of Mytragina Speciosa begins on day 15 for 2 weeks. At the end of the second week, the mice will be checked for blood ketone levels using a special kit to detect ketone bodies. Furthermore, the glomerular diameter will also be assessed.

Results: In this study, treatment for 2 weeks only caused an increase in blood sugar levels in mice, but did not cause an increase in blood ketone levels in the diabetes group or other treatment groups (p > 0.05). Histological preparation of the Glomerulus showed a decline in glomerular diameter.

Conclusions: The administration of Mitragyna speciosa extract did not result in a significant increase in blood ketone levels in diabetic mice. Many factors are involved in increasing blood ketone. It is necessary to monitor ketone levels during treatment as well as have a longer treatment time to see the effect of Mitragyna speciosa on ketones

Healing Garden as a Green Open Space in Hospital

Marselli Widya Lestari — 2024-07-19

Introduction: Natural environments within healthcare settings have received growing interest for their potential role in supporting health and well-being. Healing gardens are typically green open spaces within hospitals that promote the physical, mental, and emotional rehabilitation of patients, also benefiting the staff and visitors. This paper presents a narrative review pertaining to the theoretical underpinnings, history, and empirical research on the effectiveness of healing gardens in health care settings.

Result: It has been reviewed in recent literature that healing gardens have a huge effect on stress reduction, mood enhancement, improved cognitive functioning, and accelerated physical recovery. Some key design principles, such as access, sensory stimulus, and restorative components, arebanner in maximizing this potential therapy. Healing gardens, therefore, become one of the most cost-effective ways for patient care and staff well-being; however, there might be some little challenges in implementing and maintaining them.

Conclusion: Future research should be directed toward long-term impacts and design innovations that ensure maximum efficacy of these therapeutic spaces. Future work into the healing garden would focus on developing more patient-centered, restorative, and sustainable healing environments that underscore this deep connection between nature and health.

Comprehensive Multimodal Rehabilitation for Chronic Musculoskeletal Problems in Geriatric Patient: A Case Study

Nanda Aulya Ramadhan — 2024-10-01

Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are a major cause of morbidity in the geriatric population. These issues can decrease independence, increase functional decline and mortality, and negatively affect the psychological well-being and overall quality of life of elderly individuals. Returning to full function in such cases is highly challenging and requires comprehensive management.
Case: A 67-year-old married female housewife presented with sharp, localized chronic pain in her left wrist for one year. The pain was non-radiating, without any tingling sensation, and aggravated by movements such as ulnar deviation and lifting objects (pain scale: 8/10). Tenderness was observed in the lateral anatomical snuffbox of the left wrist, with a positive Finkelstein test. The patient also experienced sharp, localized pain in her left shoulder for seven months following a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery for coronary artery disease. The shoulder pain worsened with overhead activities (pain scale: 6/10) and improved with rest (pain scale: 3/10). The patient exhibited limited active range of motion (ROM) in flexion, extension, abduction, and external rotation, with positive Neer and Hawkins tests. Her metabolic equivalent of task (METs) score was 3.46, and she scored 5 on the Geriatric Depression Scale. The Barthel Index was 75, and she was diagnosed with several geriatric syndromes: instability (standing balance), impaired vision (cataract), isolation (depression), iatrogenesis (polypharmacy), and impotence (menopause). The patient had difficulties performing daily activities and participating in the community. A multimodal rehabilitation program was implemented, including therapeutic exercise, pharmacotherapy, kinesiotaping, thumb splint, physical
modalities, and consultations with an internist and psychiatrist. After several sessions, the patient's pain decreased significantly to 1/10 (wrist) and 0/10 (shoulder). Active ROM improved to near normal, METs increased to 5.27, and she regained full independence in daily activities (Barthel Index 100).
Discussion: Chronic musculoskeletal problems, especially when coupled with geriatric syndromes, are particularly challenging to manage. A comprehensive geriatric assessment, combined with a thorough multimodal rehabilitation approach, is key to successful outcomes. Improvements in pain, ROM, depression, and METs can lead to better functional performance, thereby reducing disability and enhancing the patient's quality of life. A supportive caregiver also plays a crucial role in achieving satisfactory results.
Conclusions: This case highlights that comprehensive multimodal rehabilitation is crucial for the successful management of chronic musculoskeletal problems in the geriatric population.

Clinical Forensic Assessment of Victims with Stab Wound

Yudha Erik Prabowo — 2024-10-01

Introduction: Violent crimes using sharp objects are a common problem in Indonesia because sharp weapons can be easily accessed. When evaluating sharp-force injuries, the correct interpretation of the morphology of individual wounds, as well as the overall pattern of findings, is of paramount importance in the reconstruction aspect of the crime. Any knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of sharp force injuries in knife attack victims and perpetrators can help to verify statements or expose defensive lies.

Case: We present, a patient from another hospital came to the emergency room at Doctor Soetomo Hospital with a stab wound to the right chest. The 35-year-old male victim, with the initials SPJ, admitted that he was stabbed by his brother. The victim's vital signs were stable when examined. On the right chest, an open wound with flat edges and sharp and blunt angles was found, measuring three centimeters long and five centimeters wide. The victim underwent radiological and laboratory examinations, installed water-sealed drainage, and was administered anti-pain and antibiotics.

Discussion: The qualification for this patient's wound based on the Indonesian Criminal Code and the scoring carried out is a moderate wound

Conclusions: Based on the law and the scoring carried out by the author, the wounds on the patient's body are injuries resulting from a criminal act and are included in the category of moderate abuse, which means that the injuries that occurred to the victim did not cause death or cause permanent disability but caused temporary obstacles in carrying out work.

The Role of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Physical Therapy and How It Would Impact Employment in This Field: A Conversation with ChatGPT

Ummara Qadeer — 2024-10-08

Introduction: ChatGPT is a generative language model tool launched by OpenAI on November 30, 2022, enabling the public to converse with a machine on various topics. In January 2023, ChatGPT reached over one hundred million users, making it the fastest-growing consumer application.

Objective: This interview with ChatGPT provides an idea of the current capabilities of ChatGPT and AI to play their role in the physical therapy field and how it can impact the employment rate in the physical therapy field. It also hints at current problems and limitations it will face in providing services in physical therapy. In this conversation with ChatGPT, this study will make ideas on how AI can become more helpful for Physical Therapists, how the quality of treatment cannot be compromised even by means of ChatGPT and AI, and how it impacts employment in the field of physical therapy.

Methods: OpenAI provided ChatGPT-3.5 was used in the paper to make content about its application in the field of physical therapy and how it would impact employment in this field. This is done through self-centered questions about the current capabilities of ChatGPT and AI to play their role in the physical therapy field.

Results: ChatGPT and AI can be supportive tools for physical therapists, but they cannot completely replace physical therapists. Physical therapists are likely to accomplish better treatment outcomes compared to AI.

Conclusions: AI offers considerable advantages for physical therapists, improving efficiency and accuracy in documentation writing and other things and it is time saving for them. Currently, as per need physical therapists should integrate training of AI in their education and practice. Ethical considerations like privacy of patient’s data, informed consent and liability must remain essential.AI counters human expertise, it should be assessed as a supportive tool rather than a replacement. AI is unlikely to affect employment of physical therapists, as this field requires human empathy, hands on techniques and personalized care that technology cannot replicate.

Double infection by Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli bacteria: A case report

Ayu Lidya Paramita — 2024-10-08

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue causing multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative Enterobacterales bacteria, is the predominant cause of common diseases. In 2018, Escherichia coli ESBL (beta-lactamase enzyme Extended-spectrum) bacterium had the highest antibiotic resistance in Surabaya, Indonesia. In 2022, 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli and carbapenem-resistant E. coli were the top priority pathogens in Indonesia.

Case: A one-year-old girl was taken to the emergency room after vomiting seven times and vomiting. She had a fever for one week, and her nose was runny. The patient had kidney channels narrowed and had surgery to implant a DJ stent in her right kidney five months prior. Physical examination revealed anemia, jaundice, cyanosis, and dyspnea. Blood and urine cultures were conducted, and Escherichia coli bacteria were found in urine and blood samples. Escherichia coli ESBL was found to be sensitive to several drugs, while its blood showed it was carbapenem-resistant, only sensitive to Ceftazidim, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tigecycline, and Cefoperazone Sulbactam.

Discussion: Pediatric patients often experience urinary infections from Escherichia coli (ESBL) and bloodstream infections from Escherichia coli (CRE). These bacteria colonize various sites in the human body, including the urinary tract, causing diarrhea and causing cystitis. ESBL, or Extended Spectrum b-lactamase, breaks down antibiotics, making them ineffective for treating infections. ESBL production is associated with a bacterium found in the bowel, and resistance genes are often transmitted through plasmids carrying other resistance genes. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolates (CREC) has led to using polymyxin, tigecycline, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides as effective antibiotics against CREC. CREC can lead to severe infections, including intra-abdominal infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and device-associated infections.

Conclusions: Escherichia coli, an MDRO bacteria, requires antibiotic sensitivity test results for effective treatment, with sensitive drugs often chosen in difficult cases, and requiring source control.