International Islamic Medical Journal

Ethical Principles As Student Motivation Continuing Education At Medical Faculty, Nahdlatul Ulama University, Surabaya

Paramita Sari — 2023-12-01

Background : Ethics is an important component in human life to distinguish good and bad behavior. Motivation is very important when an individual wants to do something and decides something. Ethics supports a person's motivation to do things they think are good, including determining education at medical school.

Objective : The research aims to find out students' thinking principles based on the science of ethics so that by knowing these thinking principles researchers can find out students' motivations in choosing and continuing their studies at medical faculty.

Methods : This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive approach on all students of the Class of 2022 FK UNUSA. The survey used secondary data from student interviews from the new student admissions committee, data analysis using descriptive analytics and data validity using correlation tests.

Result : The results of this research show that 81% of students have the principle of virtue ethic thinking, supported by Personal Characteristics Test data showing that 72% of students are advised to be accepted as students at the medical faculty.

Conclusion : So, it can be concluded that virtue ethics is a motivation to continue education at the Faculty of Medicine, Nahdlatul Ulama University, Surabaya.

The Relationship Of Anti-Inflammation Non Steroid Use Patterns With Side Effects In Patients Post Appendectomy At Jemursari Islamic Hospital

Shafira Nur Lailia — 2023-12-01

Background: Appendicitis is a condition where there is acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix which causes patients to undergo surgery frequently. NSAIDs are given to patients after appendectomy surgery to relieve pain. Inappropriate pattern of NSAID use can cause drug side effects.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the pattern of use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics and drug side effects in post-appendectomy patients at Jemursari Hospital Surabaya in 2019-2020.

Methods: This type of research is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional design. This study used 62 samples medical record of post-appendectomy patients in 2019-2020 who were given NSAID therapy. Chi-Square Test and Fisher's Exact Test (p<0.05) was used to analyze the relationship between NSAID use patterns and side effects.

Results: There was a relationship between the type of drug Mafenamic Acid 500mg with nausea, Ketorolac 30mg with hypotension, Ketorolac 90mg with dizziness, and Santagesic 500mg with dyspepsia (p<0.05). Administration of therapy with less dose was associated with hypotension (p<0.05). The duration of therapy for 4 days was associated with nausea, vomiting and duration of therapy for 5 days was associated with constipation and dyspepsia.

Conclusion: The use of drugs (type of drug, accuracy of dose and duration of therapy) of NSAIDs in post-appendectomy patients is associated with drug side effects.

Case Study : Prognosis of Recurrent Depressive Disorder with Somatic Symptoms

Firda Nur Laila — 2023-12-20

Introduction: Depression is a common disease worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. Especially if it lasts a long time and is of moderate or severe intensity, depression can be a serious health condition. Depression can cause affected people to suffer greatly and function poorly at work, at school, and in the family. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide. In general, the good prognosis of depressive episodes can be achieved as well as good response to treatment and early interventions, but with the absence of any other complication such as psychotic symptoms and somatic complaints. This paper discusses the prognosis of recurrent depressive disorders with somatic complaints through a case study.

Case: Male 23 years old complained of headaches that did not improve with pain medication and often recurred for two weeks, feels tingling and heavy in the back, worsening at night, interfere with the patient's daily activities and sleep in the night. These depressive symptoms have recurred since the patient was 19 years old. The patient experienced repeated stress due to arguments between his parents who were often involved in verbal abuse. The patient's prognosis is analyzed using several aspects according to Maramis prognosis analysis, including age, premorbid personality, type of disorder, course of treatment, hereditary factors, and the presence/absence of precipitating factors.

Discussion: According to the course of the disease, the patient experienced recurrent depression since the age of less than 20 years, with somatic symptoms currently accompanying his depressive disorder. The patient experienced repeated recurrences even though he was stated to have improved by the treating doctor, which indicates that the patient's stress management was inadequate. The patient is currently experiencing a skin disorder that worsens his pessimistic feelings and is receiving SSRI antidepressants to improve his depressive symptoms. Based on the analysis of the course of the disease, the prognosis for depressive disorders in patients is poor, or dubia ad bonam.

Conclusions: Recurrent depressive disorders involving younger ages, complications such as somatic symptoms, suboptimal social support, inadequate coping mechanisms, will worsen the prognosis of depression even after receiving adequate treatment

Case Report: Ischaemic Stroke Presented with Hemichorea-Hemiballism

Bonfilio Neltio Ariobimo — 2023-12-07

Introduction: Movement disorders can be separated into hypokinetic disorders, which cause paucity or slowness (bradykinesia), and hyperkinetic disorders, which cause excessive, aberrant involuntary motions Less than 5% of individuals with cerebrovascular diseases presented with involuntary movement. It might be difficult to identify and diagnose hyperkinetic disorders.

Case: We describe a 56-year-old man who arrived at the hospital with 5 hours of abrupt, uncontrollable movement in his right upper and lower limbs. A complete neurological evaluation revealed an uncontrolled, nonrhythmic, non-patterned, aimless, and frequently jerky movement of the right upper and lower limbs with a ballistic component that varies in amplitude and frequency. Higher psychic function and cranial nerves were normal. Chest radiography, electrocardiography were normal. Hemorrhage was ruled out by a brain non-contrast CT scan at admission. The patient was diagnosed with hemichorea-hemiballism caused by an ischemic stroke based on clinical evidence of a sudden neurological deficit of aberrant involuntary movement. After receiving medical treatment for five days, the involuntary motions stopped occurring without causing any more neurological abnormalities or weakening.

Discussion: Ischemic stroke diagnosis relied on skilled clinical assessment without explicit neuroimaging. While hemiballismus is characterized by violent irregular flinging movements of the limbs brought on by contractions of the proximal muscles, hemichorea consists of continuous random, anarchic, and jerking movements involving both the distal and proximal muscles (though it is occasionally localized more distally).

Conclusion : Hyperkinetic movement disorders are a rare presentation of stroke. The pathophysiology of these abnormal movements remains uncertain. Even though they are uncommon, following a stroke, aberrant motions can occur suddenly or develop gradually. Hemichorea-hemiballismus with abrupt onset should be treated as an acute stroke unless proven other causes

Case Report : Diagnosis and Management of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Sidhi Laksono — 2023-12-10

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is generally viewed as diagnosis of exclusion in women presenting with heart failure and systolic dysfunction of unclear identifiable etiology. Etiology of PPCM is not fully understood and multifactorial. The purpose of this case is to review the diagnosis and management PPCM based on our experience in managing 31 years old woman with PPCM.

Case: A 31 year old woman presented with dyspnea persisting for two days, exacerbated over the last 24 hours. She gave birth to her third child seven months ago. Patient had been experiencing dyspnea since 4 months earlier but seek no medical help. Upon physical examination, hemodynamic was stable, wet rales was noted in two thirds of the lung fields. Echocardiography revealed dilated left ventricle with eccentric hypertrophy and reduced ejection fraction (18%). Treatment was initiated with furosemide IV to resolve dyspnea, then Ramipril, bisoprolol, forxiga and spironolactone was given as heart failure therapy.

Discussion: PPCM should be suspected in any peripartum women presenting with symptoms and signs of heart failure. Careful history taking and diagnostic testing especially echocardiography is important to help physicians determine the diagnosis.

Conclusion: Treatment with medication adjusted for pregnancy and lactation may prevent adverse outcome, improve clinical symptoms and improve the overall cardiac functions. Long term follow up is important for patients with PPCM, since the optimal duration of medications after recovery is still unknown.

Different Approaches to Islamic Medicine in Iran

Ali Jafari — 2023-12-20

Background: Subject and objectives: Using the capabilities of Islamic civilization is one of the topics that has attracted the attention of contemporary Islamic thinkers. In this context, various opinions have been presented about whether medicine is Islamic or not among Iranian thinkers. In this article, we seek to examine the negative and positive opinions about the nature of Islamic medicine. The purpose of this article is to find a precise definition of Islamic medicine and provide a correct solution in using this treatment model.

Result: This research deals with the study of Islamic medicine through descriptive-analytical and documentary methods. In this research, a complete search of electronic banks, related books, and internet sites was conducted and all acceptable articles were reviewed completely and systematically. There are different views on the nature of Islamic medicine, each of which has looked at the issue from its own angle, some agree with it and some oppose it.

Conclusion: Islamic medicine has very good capacities, although there are serious criticisms against it. Islamic medicine is a specialized science, and a common opinion should be reached about its limits and conditions, and a system should be designed and drawn for it. The revival of Islamic medicine will contribute to the development of the modern Islamic civilization.

Parasitic Disease and COVID-19 Syndemics in Indonesia: Biomedical Aspects

Reqgi First Trasia — 2023-12-28

Background: Syndemics happened while two or more coinfections have dangerous interaction and lead to a harmful outcome than for either single infection. In Indonesia, during COVID-19 pandemic, it has deal with a doble burden presume to neglected tropical disese (NTD) control. Parasitic disease as a part of NTD must be a concern in Indonesia along pandemc. There are still few articles that review the biomedical aspects of co-infection COVID-19 with parasitic diseases in Indonesia, whereas an understanding of biomedical aspects can encourage knowledge about pathogenesis which will make an earlier diagnosis.

Results: This review summarize how parasites may serve as protective agents or risk factors in pandemic and, vice versa, how the COVID-19 may disturb the prevention and misdiagnosis of parasitic disease in Indonesia. Co-infection COVID-19 with malaria increass the burden of severe clinical manifestations and poor prognosis due to exaggerated proinflammatory response. Coinfection triggers TNF and IL-6 to activate coagulation cascade leading to micro-thrombosis and coagulopathy. Besides, helminthiasis causes vary configuration of immune-modulation, thereby lowering susceptibility to other infections and tolerating COVID-19 better. They modify Th2 respons to limit pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 which is observed in severe cases of COVID-19. T-cell hypoactivation in SARS-CoV-2 and W.bancrofti will cause relatively mild manifestation of COVID-19.

Conclusions: In parasite infection, the IL-4 may elevate and induce shadow memory CD8+ T-cell (TVM cell) for CD8 response rapidly agains virus. It control human IL-4 or IL-10 that leads to the maturation of Th2 cells and down-regulation of the inflamation respons of IFN-g, IL-17 and TNF-a. These mechanisms allow us to blockade the cytokines storms observed in COVID-19 cases.

Health Issues of Nigerian Muslim Pilgrims in The Immediate Post-Covid-19 Era Hajj Year 2022– Part II (Non-Communicable Diseases)

Raji Saheed — 2023-12-28

Background: Hajj is an important rite in the life of devout Muslims, requiring the devolvement of physical and material resources in its execution. Limitations posed by COVID-19 on the performance of Hajj make the year 2022 hajj to be an atypical one compared to other years' international hajj. Nigerian pilgrims are peculiar as a low-and middle-income country (LAMIC) with the highest number of Muslim pilgrims from Africa. The objective of this article is to review the health implications of Hajj and peculiarities of the post- COVID 19 era, regarding non-communicable diseases in Nigerian pilgrims based on literature, the interaction of authors with pilgrims, and the experiences of an author as a pilgrim.

Results: Commonly encountered non-communicable respiratory, cardiovascular, nutritional, gastrointestinal, endocrine, reproductive, neurological, and musculoskeletal health issues in Nigerian pilgrims were explored. Preventive health strategies by individual pilgrims, the national medical team of National Hajj Commission of Nigeria (NAHCON), the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and other stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in conducting Hajj rites were appraised. This includes but not limited to illness screening, chronic illness management, life style modification, medication adherence, and accident prevention.

Conclusions: It was concluded that the efforts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as Nigeria authorities on Hajj health services, are commendable, though there are still a lot of areas that need to be improved upon. Significant importance should be given to pre-hajj and post-hajj screening of pilgrims for communicable health issues in pilgrims to enable optimal execution of hajj task and maintenance of pilgrims’ health beyond hajj period.